锂矿主要类型、特征、时空分布及找矿潜力分析  

Main types,characteristics,distributions,and prospecting potential of lithium deposits

作　　者：隰弯弯[1] 赵宇浩[1] 倪培[2] 姚春彦[1] 朱意萍[1] 郑璐[1] 姚仲友[1] 王天刚[1] XI Wanwan;ZHAO Yuhao;NI Pei;YAO Chunyan;ZHU Yiping;ZHENG Lu;YAO Zhongyou;WANG Tiangang(Nanjing Center,China Geological Survey,Nanjing 210016,China;State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposit Research,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局南京地质调查中心,江苏南京210016 [2]南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室,江苏南京210093

出　　处：《沉积与特提斯地质》2023年第1期19-35,共17页Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“战略性矿产资源开发利用”专项“全球战略性矿产成矿规律和预警决策支持技术”项目“环太平洋和非洲成矿域战略性矿产信息及成矿规律”(2021YFC2901804);中国地质调查局项目(DD20201155、DD20190441)联合资助。

摘　　要：锂是重要的能源金属,分布高度集中。目前可开发利用的锂矿床主要有盐湖卤水型、伟晶岩型、黏土型、锂沸石型、其他卤水型(包括油气田卤水亚类和地热卤水亚类)和离子吸附型6种类型。除伟晶岩型锂矿的时代呈幕式分布,其他类型的锂矿主要集中形成于新生代。新生代锂矿占全球已查明资源量的75%,主要分布于显生宙造山带如安第斯锂三角地区、中国川藏地区、北美科迪勒拉等地区,其余锂矿则主要分布在前寒武纪克拉通如西澳克拉通、刚果克拉通、西非克拉通和加拿大地盾等区域。盐湖卤水型和伟晶岩型锂矿找矿潜力大,是目前勘探开发的主要类型。Lithium is an important energy metal.At present,there are six types of lithium deposits:salt lake lithium brines,lithium pegmatites,lithium-clays,lithium-zeolites,oil-gas field lithium brines or geothermal lithium brines,and ion-absorption lithium.The pegmatites lithium deposits are of episodic ages and mainly distributed in Precambrian orogenic belts such as Western Australia Craton,Congo Craton,Western Africa Craton and Canadian Shield.Except the pegmatites lithium deposits,all of other lithium deposits are mainly distributed in Cenozoic orogenic belts such as the Andean lithium triangle area,Sichuan-Tibet region of China,Cordillera of North America,accounting for about 75% of the global lithium resources.At present,salt lake lithium brines and lithium pegmatites are of great prospecting potential and are the main types of lithium deposits being explorated and.developed.

关 键 词：锂矿 矿床类型 时代分布 空间分布 找矿潜力 

分 类 号：P618.71[天文地球—矿床学]