北京市昌平区城市居民抗菌药物及细菌耐药性认知调查分析  

Investigation of awareness of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in urban residents in Changping district,Beijing

作　　者：姜雪琪 魏斌 车洁[1] 袁敏[1] 白晓玉 孙静[1] 周君辰 刘泽梁 白雪梅[1] 贾培[2] 李娟[1] 卢金星[1] Jiang Xueqi;Wei Bin;Che Jie;Yuan Min;Bai Xiaoyu;Sun Jing;Zhou Junchen;Liu Zeliang;Bai Xuemei;Jia Pei;Li Juan;Lu Jinxing(State Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control,National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Changping District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102299,China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室,北京102206 [2]北京市昌平区疾病预防控制中心,北京102299

出　　处：《疾病监测》2023年第1期45-50,共6页Disease Surveillance

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.81861138053);“十三五”传染病重大专项(No.2018ZX10733-402)。

摘　　要：目的调查分析北京市昌平区不同年龄及教育程度人群对抗菌药物及细菌耐药的认知、态度及行为,了解城市人群对抗菌药物及细菌耐药的认知缺口,为制定遏制耐药科普宣传策略提供依据。方法设计调查问卷,采用分层随机抽样方法,借助微信“问卷星”平台开展问卷调查,利用SPSS软件进行统计分析,使用卡方(χ^(2))检验分析不同人群对抗菌药物认知、态度、行为状况及差异。结果共收集到1267份有效问卷,依据受访者年龄和教育程度的不同,将受访人群分为7个年龄组和4个学历组分别进行统计分析。受访者中对抗菌药物、当前的耐药形势及耐药菌跨领域传播的正确认知率分别为58.09%、48.38%和52.80%,研究生及以上学历组正确认知率高于另外3个学历组(χ^(2)=32.378,P<0.05)。90.69%的受访者表示愿意学习抗菌药物的相关知识;93.61%的受访者使用前会主动了解药物的使用剂量、注意事项和不良反应;89.42%的受访者会在使用抗菌药物前阅读说明书,显示民众学习了解抗菌药物相关知识的主观意愿比较强。93.37%的受访者赞同必须医生开具处方才可购买抗菌药物的规定,但严格遵从医嘱使用抗菌药物的比例仅为74.19%。71.03%的受访者家中常备抗菌药物;55.72%的受访者会在患病时自行服用抗菌药物;23.84%的受访者会依据病情变化自行加减或停用抗菌药物。而且,55.01%的受访者认为自己不存在抗菌药物过度使用或不规范使用的情况。结论遏制耐药国家行动计划实施五年,城市居民对于抗菌药物及细菌耐药的认知和关注度高,反映出北京市在遏制耐药科普宣传方面取得了很好的效果。但在对耐药现状及耐药菌危害认知方面,不同人群间差异大。此外,认知同行为脱节,认识到个人存在抗菌药物使用不当行为的人群比例低,提示抗菌药物正确使用行为规范科普宣传有待提高。因此,下一步�Objective To analyze the awareness,attitude and behavior about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in urban residents at different ages and educational levels in Changping district of Beijing and understand the problems in awareness of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in urban population.Methods Questionnaires about the awareness,attitude and behavior about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance were designed and used on WeChat“Questionnaire Star”platform in a stratified random sampling survey,and software SPSS was used for statistical analysis andχ^(2)test was used to analyze the differences in the awareness,attitude and behavior about antibiotics and antibiotic resistance among different groups.Results A total of 1267 valid questionnaires were collected.According to the age and education level,the respondents were divided into seven age groups and four educational background groups respectively.The correct awareness rates of antibiotics,antibiotic resistance and the spread of antibiotic resistance were 58.09%,48.38%and 52.80%,respectively.Besides,the correct awareness rate in people with postgraduate degree or above was significantly higher than those in people in other three education background groups(χ^(2)=32.378,P<0.05).Up to 90.69%of the respondents would like to acquire the knowledge of antibiotics.Before taking antibiotics,93.61%of the respondents wanted to know antibiotic dosage,use precautions and related adverse reactions,and 89.42%would read the usage introduction.In the respondents,93.37%believed that prescription should be obtained before purchasing antibiotics,but only 74.19%admitted that they used antibiotics strictly following doctors’advice,71.03%had antibiotic stockpile at home.55.72%would had self-medication when they felt uncomfortable and 23.84%would increase,decrease or stop antibiotic use according to their illness status.Moreover,55.01%of the respondents believed that they had excessive or irregular use of antibiotics.Conclusion The national action plan to contain antibioti

关 键 词：抗菌药物 细菌耐药 问卷调查 认知情况 行为改变 

分 类 号：R211[医药卫生—中医学] R193