面向脉冲星深空基准建立的X射线望远镜及发展设想  

X-ray telescope for pulsar deep space reference and its development vision

作　　者：周庆勇 魏子卿[1,2] 雷耀虎 刘思伟[1,2] 郝小龙[4] 吴富梅 杨彦佶[5] 强鹏飞 ZHOU Qingyong;WEI Ziqing;LEI Yaohu;LIU Siwei;HAO Xiaolong;WU Fumei;YANG Yanji;QIANG Pengfei(State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Engineering,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an Institute of Surveying and Mapping,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province,College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China;Beijing Institute of Communication and Tracking Technology,Beijing 100090,China;Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics,Institute of High Energy Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photon Technology,Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Machinery,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi’an 710119,China)

机构地区：[1]地理信息工程国家重点实验室,西安710054 [2]西安测绘研究所,西安710054 [3]深圳大学物理与光电工程学院教育部/广东省光电子器件与系统重点实验室,深圳518060 [4]北京通信与跟踪技术研究所,北京100090 [5]中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理重点实验室,北京100049 [6]中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室,西安710119

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第3期36-53,共18页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42004004,42074006,11903001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2020YFB0505801)。

摘　　要：深空基准是进入、利用和控制太空的基础,X射线望远镜是构建脉冲星深空基准的重要观测设备。首先,论述了脉冲星计时在深空基准建立中的作用,定性分析了毫秒脉冲星空间观测对X射线望远镜的需求,系统总结了X射线望远镜的国内外技术现状及发展趋势;其次,针对X射线毫秒脉冲星观测中脉冲信号弱而非脉冲信号及空间弥散本底较强的特点,提出了利用毫秒脉冲星高分辨率成像观测抑制非脉冲噪声的方法,并初步设计了一种高分辨率低噪声X射线望远镜;最后,分析了不同的脉冲信号流量、非脉冲信号流量、角分辨率及单次镜片反射效率分别对聚焦成像型、聚焦非成像型和准直非成像型X射线望远镜脉冲星观测信噪比的影响,发现聚焦成像型X射线望远镜在弱脉冲信号和强非脉冲信号流量下具有较好的探测能力。同时计算结果表明:在相同条件下,聚焦成像型望远镜对5颗导航脉冲星的探测灵敏度,比美国中子星内部组成探测器(NICER)的X射线计时仪器(XTI)有不同程度的提高。可见,设计的聚焦成像型X射线望远镜,能够有效地提高毫秒X射线脉冲星的观测能力,能为国家综合定位导航授时(PNT)及深空基准体系的建设提供硬件支持。Deep space reference is the basis for entering and utilizing space.X-ray telescopes are important observation equipment for constructing pulsar deep space reference.Firstly,the role of pulsar timing in the establishment of deep space reference is discussed,and the requirements of millisecond pulsar space observation on X-ray telescopes are qualitatively analyzed.Then the technical status and development trend of X-ray telescopes at home and abroad are systematically summarized.Secondly,considering the fact that the pulse signal is generally weak and the non-pulse signal and spatial dispersion background are strong in X-ray millisecond pulsar observation,a method for suppressing the non-pulse noise by using high-resolution imaging observation is proposed.A high-resolution low-noise X-ray telescope is then preliminarily designed.Finally,the effects of different pulse signal flow,non-pulse signal flow,angular resolution and lens reflection efficiency on the signal-to-noise ratio during the pulsar observation obtained by focusing imaging,focusing non-imaging and collimating non-imaging X-ray telescopes are analyzed.It is found that the focusing imaging X-ray telescope has better detection ability in the flow of weak pulse signal and strong non-pulse signal.The calculation result also shows that the detection sensitivity of the focusing imaging telescope is better than that of the X-ray Timing Instrument(XTI)of the Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer(NICER)under the same conditions during the observation of five navigation pulsars.It can be seen that the designed focusing imaging X-ray telescope can effectively improve the observation ability of millisecond X-ray pulsars,and provide time service for national comprehensive Positioning,Navigation&Timing(PNT)and the construction of deep space reference system.

关 键 词：深空基准 脉冲星导航 X射线望远镜 X射线探测器 脉冲星计时 

分 类 号：V447.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]