轻量化大面积嵌套聚焦型X射线望远镜  

Nested focusing X-ray telescope with lightweight and large photon collecting area

作　　者：李保权 李海涛 曹阳 桑鹏 刘亚宁 余道淳 LI Baoquan;LI Haitao;CAO Yang;SANG Peng;LIU Yaning;YU Daochun(National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《航空学报》2023年第3期128-137,共10页Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0503300);国家自然科学基金(41604152,U1938111);中国科学院青年创新促进会(2018178)。

摘　　要：嵌套聚焦型X射线望远镜在脉冲星自主导航、X射线天文学等领域有广泛的应用需求。论文开展了紧凑型、大面积、嵌套聚焦型X射线望远镜的光学优化设计,成功探索出基于轻质平面玻璃的X射线掠入射反射镜热成型、镜面精密切割、嵌套同轴共焦装配等工艺流程,研制了一款轻量化、大面积、嵌套聚焦型X射线望远镜(NFXT)。NFXT镜面轴向长度300 mm,厚度0.3 mm,镜面溅射Ir金属膜,膜层厚度300 nm,镜面粗糙度优于0.3 nm(rms)。NFXT共计11层嵌套,每层圆周向等分3个扇区,内8层镜面为近似抛物面的锥形镜,外3层为抛物面镜,11层镜面同轴共焦装配。NFXT净几何面积175 cm^(2),有效探测面积130 cm^(2)@1.5 keV,轴上视场聚焦光斑半径0.85 mm(EoE=50%),包络尺寸(直径×高度)为200 mm×326 mm,能谱响应范围0.2~12 keV,后工作距1300 mm,重量4.25 kg。NFXT技术突破,为国内开展脉冲星导航试验验证,以及研制先进的X射线天文卫星提供关键技术支撑。Nested focusing X-ray telescopes have a wide range of demands in the fields of pulsar autonomous navigation and X-ray astronomy.The optical optimization design of a compact,large-area,and nested focusing X-ray telescope is carried out in this paper,and the process of thermoforming,precision mirror cutting,and nested coaxial confocal of X-ray grazing incidence mirrors are successfully explored based on lightweight flat glass.A lightweight,large-area,Nested Focusing X-ray Telescope(NFXT)has been developed.The axial length of single-layer mirror of NFXT is 300 mm,and the thickness is 0.3 mm.The Ir metal film is sputtered on the reflective surface of curved mirror with 300 nm thickness,and the roughness of the metal coating is better than 0.3 nm(rms).The NFXT has 11 layered nested mirrors in the radial direction,with each layer consisting of three equal sectors in the circumference direction.The inner 8 layers are the conical mirrors that are approximately parabolic,and the outer 3 layers are parabolic mirrors.The 11 layers of mirrors are assembled into the same axis and same focus.The net geometric area of the NFXT engineering prototype is 175 cm^(2),with the effective area being 130 cm^(2)@1.5keV,and the focal spot radius of 0°field of view being 0.85 mm(EoE=50%).The engineering prototype weighs 4.25 kg,having an envelope size of diameter×height 200 mm×326 mm,0.2-12 keV energy response range and back working distance of 1300 mm.The breakthrough of the NFXT technology provides key technical support for the domestic pulsar navigation experiments and advanced X-ray astronomical satellites.

关 键 词：脉冲星导航 嵌套聚焦型X射线望远镜 掠入射抛物面镜 X射线聚焦 X射线天文卫星 

分 类 号：V448.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]