中国火山岩型铀矿床成矿地质特征及找矿预测模型  

Metallogenic Geology Characteristics and Prospecting Prediction Model of Volcanic Type Uranium Deposits in China

作　　者：张明林[1,2] 秦明宽 刘洋[3] 王常东[3] 刘章月[1] ZHANG Minglin;QIN Mingkuan;LIU Yang;WANG Changdong;LIU Zhangyue(CNNC Key Laboratory of Uranium Resources Exploration and Evaluation Technology,Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology,Beijing 100029,China;Geology Bureau of China Nuclear Industry,Beijing 100013,China;Geological Party No.243,CNNC,Chifeng,Inner Mongolia 024000,China)

机构地区：[1]核工业北京地质研究院、中核集团铀资源勘查与评价技术重点实验室,北京100029 [2]中国核工业地质局,北京100013 [3]核工业二四三大队,内蒙古赤峰024000

出　　处：《铀矿地质》2023年第2期238-250,共13页Uranium Geology

基　　金：中国核工业地质局科研项目“华东南重点勘查区铀矿资源潜力动态评价”(编号:202238-9)资助。

摘　　要：火山岩型铀矿是我国重要的热液型铀矿类型之一,发育在区域性火山喷发带上的火山盆地内,其成因受构造-岩性岩相-热液循环联合控制,其构造型式能够反映火山岩相和热液蚀变类型,体现火山热液铀矿化的特点和内在规律。文章将火山岩型铀矿床划分为火山角砾岩筒、次火山岩、密集裂隙带、层间破碎带4种亚类,并详细介绍了每一亚类的成矿特征;根据不同亚类火山岩型铀矿床距离火山热液活动中心由中心向远源方向的铀成矿地质特征,总结了中国火山岩型铀矿床综合成矿模式,厘定了不同亚类铀矿床的成矿地质条件(构造、岩性岩相、容矿主岩)、矿化与成因(成矿流体、成矿温度、矿化深度、矿化特征、矿体形态、矿石矿物、伴生元素)、物、化、遥等预测要素,建立了中国火山岩型铀矿预测模型,对火山盆地铀矿找矿实践中针对火山盆地不同部位或环境下选择有效的技术方法手段具有参考意义。Volcanic type uranium deposit is an important type of hydrothermal uranium deposits in China.The deposit occurs in the volcanic basin of the regional volcanic eruption belt and controlled by combination of tectonic-lithology lithofacies-hydrothermal circulation.The structural form can reflect the properties of volcanic facies and hydrothermal fluid,and reflect the characteristics and internal laws of volcanic hydrothermal uranium mineralization.The volcanic type uranium deposits can be divided into four subtype:volcanic breccia tube,subvolcanic rock,dense fracture zone and interlayer fracture zone.This paper expounded the developing patterns of different subtypes by the volcanic hydrothermal activity from the volcano center to the far source,established a comprehensive metallogenic model of volcanic rock type uranium deposits in China and summarized the metallogenic geological conditions of different subtypes of uranium deposit(structure,lithology,lithofacies,host rock),the mineralization and genesis(metallogenic fluid,metallogenic temperature,mineralization depth,mineralization characteristics ore body shape,ore minerals,associated elements)characteristics in geophysics,geochemical exploration,remote sensing etc.This model will benefit the selection of effective technical methods in the prediction and prospecting practice of volcanic type uranium deposit at different basin parts or environments.

关 键 词：火山岩型铀矿床 成矿特征 成矿模式 预测模型 

分 类 号：P588.1[天文地球—岩石学] P619.14[天文地球—地质学]