施氮量及追氮时期对滴灌夏玉米干物质积累及氮素利用的影响  

Effects of nitrogen application rate and topdressing stage on dry matter accumulation and nitrogen utilization of summer maize under drip irrigation

作　　者：刘帅 徐宇凡 贾靖 孟繁港 朱紫鑫 张玉璐 赵长星 LIU Shuai;XU Yufan;JIA Jing;MENG Fangang;ZHU Zixin;ZHANG Yulu;ZHAO Changxing(College of Agronomy,Qingdao Agricultural University,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266109,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学农学院,山东省旱作农业技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2023年第2期122-129,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2019JZZY010716);山东省新旧动能转换重大产业攻关项目(2021-54);山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT009);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300604);中国工程院第352场中国工程科技论坛项目。

摘　　要：选用夏玉米杂交种‘郑单958’为试验材料,以施氮量N1(180 kg·hm^(-2))、N2(210 kg·hm^(-2))为主因素,追氮时期S1(拔节期+大喇叭口期)、S2(拔节期+开花期)、S3(拔节期+大喇叭口期+开花期)为副因素,以传统畦灌条件下(施氮量240 kg·hm^(-2))拔节期一次性追肥处理(CK1)和拔节期+大喇叭口期追肥处理(CK2)作为对照,研究滴灌水肥一体化条件下施氮量和追氮时期对夏玉米干物质积累、产量形成及植株氮素转运与积累的影响。结果表明:与CK1相比N1S3、N2S3处理2020年成熟期地上部干物质积累量分别提高6.91%和8.30%,2021年分别提高2.28%和3.90%;2020年氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力分别提高84.59%、61.43%,55.44%、34.60%,2021年分别提高90.82%、64.38%,50.69%、29.40%;2020年0~20 cm土层硝态氮残留量分别提高15.63、16.45 kg·hm^(-2),2021年分别提高5.19、5.64 kg·hm^(-2);2020年产量分别提高16.56%、17.77%,2021年分别提高13.03%、13.48%。综合分析得出,增加追氮次数可以显著增加夏玉米地上部干物质积累量,增大玉米植株氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和0~20 cm土层硝态氮残留量,增加夏玉米产量。N1S3、N2S3处理产量显著高于CK1,但是两处理各指标差异并不显著,N1S3处理较N2S3处理减少了氮肥的投入,维持了较高的干物质积累量、氮素积累量和产量,增加了氮肥农学利用效率和氮肥偏生产力,因此N1S3为本试验的最优处理组合。Summer maize hybrid‘Zhengdan 958’was selected as the test material and two nitrogen application levels of nitrogen application rate N1(180 kg·hm^(-2))and N2(210 kg·hm^(-2))were set to explore the effects of nitrogen application rate and timing of topdressing nitrogen on dry matter accumulation,yield formation and plant nitrogen transport and accumulation of summer maize under the conditions of drip irrigation and fertilizer integration.The combination of nitrogen application periods of S1(jointing stage+belling stage),S2(jointing stage+flowering stage),S3(jointing stage+belling stage+flowering stage)in nitrogen dressing period was designed.Under traditional irrigation conditions,the nitrogen application amount was 240 kg·hm^(-2),one-time topdressing treatment for CK1 at jointing stage,and topdressing treatment for CK2 at jointing stage+belling stage were set up.There were 8 treatments in total.The results showed that compared with CK1,the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground dry matter in the mature stage of N1S3 and N2S3 in 2020 increased by 6.91%and 8.30%,respectively,and increased by 2.28%and 3.90%in 2021.In 2020,the agronomic use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer increased by 84.59%,61.43%,and 55.44%,34.60%,respectively,and in 2021,they increased by 90.82%,64.38%,and 50.69%,29.40%,respectively.In 2020,the nitrate nitrogen residues in 0~20 cm soil increased by 15.63 kg·hm^(-2) and 16.45 kg·hm^(-2),respectively,and increased by 5.19 kg·hm^(-2) and 5.64 kg·hm^(-2) in 2021.The yield increased by 16.56%and 17.77%in 2020 and 13.03%and 13.48%in 2021.Increasing the number of topdressings significantly increased the accumulation of dry matter in the above ground of summer maize,the agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer,the productivity of nitrogen fertilizer bias and the nitrate nitrogen residue in 0~20 cm soil layer of maize plants,and the yield of summer maize based on the comprehensive analysis.The yield of N1S3 and N2S3 treatments was signi

关 键 词：夏玉米 滴灌水肥一体化 干物质积累 氮素利用 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S365