Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto和F.asiaticum在玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上子囊壳形成的比较  

A comparison of perithecium development between Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto and F.asiaticum on maize and rice stalks

作　　者：茹艳艳[1] 谢淑娜[1] 刘佳中[1] 李保叶 孙静[1] 郝俊杰[1] RU Yanyan;XIE Shuna;LIU Jiazhong;LI Baoye;SUN Jing;HAO Junjie(Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Henan Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests,Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第2期152-161,200,共11页Plant Protection

基　　金：2022年度省级科技研发计划联合基金(222301420108);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200605,2017YFD0301104)。

摘　　要：为探究麦田前茬作物玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上中国小麦赤霉病菌的两个优势种Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)和F.asiaticum子囊壳形成和发育成熟过程的差异,分别选择3株F.graminearum菌株(SE81,3-ADON型;LcA-2,15-ADON型;HX5-1,NIV型)和2株F.asiaticum菌株(M4A,3-ADON型;M31-2,NIV型),用其孢子悬浮液接种玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆,放置于花泥和地表两种环境条件下,比较接种不同菌株秸秆上子囊壳的形成和发育成熟情况及5个菌株对‘郑麦366’(高感小麦赤霉病品种)的致病力。结果表明:花泥环境下产生子囊壳的速度要快于地表,以玉米秸秆为载体子囊壳产生速度比水稻秸秆快且多数密度大,3个F.graminearum菌株(SE81、LcA-2和HX5-1)在同种秸秆相同环境下比2个F.asiaticum菌株(M4A和M31-2)产生子囊壳的速度快且子囊壳密度大。5个菌株在不同环境的不同秸秆上产生的子囊壳的成熟度均无规律,接种‘郑麦366’后其病情指数间有极显著差异(P<0.01),在花泥和地表的玉米秸秆和水稻秸秆上3次调查的子囊壳密度与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈显著正相关,不同环境条件下的子囊壳产生速度(AUPGC)与‘郑麦366’的病情指数呈极显著正相关。本研究将为阐明F.graminearum和F.asiaticum在中国小麦赤霉病上表现区域性地理分布的原因提供参考依据。The objective of this study is to explore the difference in the development and maturity of perithecia produced by Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto(F.graminearum)and F.asiaticum on maize and rice stalks in winter wheat fields.Five strains were selected,i.e.,SE81(F.graminearum,3-ADON),LcA-2(F.graminearum,15-ADON),HX5-1(F.graminearum,NIV),M4A(F.asiaticum,3-ADON)and M31-2(F.asiaticum,NIV).Maize and rice stalks were inoculated with the spore suspensions of the five strains.The development and maturity of perithecia produced on maize and rice stalks were compared under two environment conditions(on flower mud surface and soil surface).The pathogenicity of the five strains on‘Zhengmai366’(highly susceptible to wheat head blight)was compared.The results showed that the expansion rate of perithecia produced on flower mud surface was greater than that on soil surface,and the expansion rate and density of perithecia on maize stalks inoculated with the same strain under the same environment was mostly greater than that on rice stalks.The expansion rate and the number of perithecia per square centimeter on the same kind of stalks inoculated with F.graminearum strains(SE81,LcA-2 and HX5-1)were higher than with F.asiaticum strains(M4A and M31-2)under the same environment.The maturity of the perithecia of the five strains was irregular,and there was a significant difference in the disease index among the five strains inoculated to‘Zhengmai366’(P<0.01),and the number of perithecia per square centimeter of the five strains on flower mud surface and soil surface in three surveys was positively correlated with the disease index of‘Zhengmai366’,and the expansion rate of perithecia was significantly positively correlated with the disease index of‘Zhengmai366’.These results provide a reference for elucidating the reasons for the regional geographical distribution of F.graminearum and F.asiaticum causing wheat head blight in China.

关 键 词：Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto F.asiaticum 玉米秸秆 水稻秸秆 子囊壳 

分 类 号：S435.121.4[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]