紫花苜蓿田春季阔叶杂草除草剂筛选及安全性评价  

Safety evaluation and screening of herbicides for broad-leaf weeds in spring alfalfa field

作　　者：苏旺苍[1] 薛飞[1] 吴仁海[1] 徐洪乐[1] 孙兰兰[1] 杨共强[1] SU Wangcang;XUE Fei;WU Renhai;XU Hongle;SUN Lanlan;YANG Gongqiang(Institute of Plant Protection,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第2期322-329,370,共9页Plant Protection

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102110464);河南省农业科学院基础性科研工作项目(2022JC15);河南省农业科学院重大科技成果培育计划项目。

摘　　要：为明确适用于紫花苜蓿田防除春季阔叶杂草的除草剂,本研究通过室内和田间试验筛选了对紫花苜蓿安全且对春季阔叶杂草防效好的除草剂。室内试验表明,供试的11种除草剂中仅有唑草酮、吡草醚、乙羧氟草醚等3种除草剂对紫花苜蓿具有较好的安全性。通过田间试验发现,40%唑草酮WG 30~66 g/hm^(2)(有效成分用量,下同)和10%乙羧氟草醚ME 75~90 g/hm^(2)处理对春季阔叶杂草具有较好的防治效果,株防效为83.68%~97.32%,鲜重防效为73.18%~95.62%,且对紫花苜蓿有较好的安全性,增产12%以上。综上所述,在紫花苜蓿返青期进行唑草酮和乙羧氟草醚处理可用于紫花苜蓿田春季阔叶杂草防除,具有较好的应用前景。To identify the suitable herbicides for the control of spring broad-leaf weeds in alfalfa(Medicago sativa)fields,11 herbicides were tested for spring broad-leaf weeds control and crop safety in 2019.Laboratory experiments showed that among the 11 screened herbicides,only three of them,including carfentrazone-ethyl,pyraflufen-ethyl,and fluoroglycofen-ethyl,had good safety on alfalfa.Through field experiments,it was found that the treatments with carfentrazone-ethyl 40%WG 30-66 g/hm^(2)(active ingredient,same as below)and fluoroglycofen-ethyl 10%ME 75-90 g/hm^(2) had better control effect on broad-leaf weeds in spring,with the control efficacies of 83.68%-97.32%and fresh weight control efficacies of 73.18%-95.62%,respectively.They had better safety for alfalfa,and their yields were increased by more than 12%.In conclusion,the treatments with carfentrazone-ethyl and fluoroglycofen-ethyl during the regreening stage of alfalfa could effectively control the broad-leaf weeds in spring alfalfa fields,and had good application prospects.

关 键 词：杂草防除 紫花苜蓿 春季阔叶杂草 除草剂 安全性 防效 

分 类 号：S451.229[农业科学—植物保护]