造“势”:新中国成立初期防疫运动中的官僚动员  

Building″Momentum″:Bureaucratic Mobilization in Epidemic Control Campaign During the Early Days of the PRC

作　　者：刘杰 贺东航 LIU Jie;HE Donghang(School of Journalism and Information Communication,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430074,China;Institute for Advanced Study in Social Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学新闻与信息传播学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]复旦大学社会科学高等研究院,上海200433

出　　处：《广州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期103-112,共10页Journal of Guangzhou University:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(22CSH009)。

摘　　要：新中国成立初期,在资源不足、专业人才缺乏的情势下,传染病的防治通过全民动员的“卫生防疫运动”展开,动员不仅指向社会层面,也指向官僚体系。官僚动员的形成经过了一个“造势”的过程。具体而言,在官僚体系内部,通过领导人注意力的转移形成“势场”,建构“忠诚检验机制”;通过强化地方卫生锦标赛释放“势能”,内化为官僚体系行动的观念逻辑;通过发动“人民战争”对势能进行维系,继而实现防疫运动的常态化。造势作为官僚群体的动员机制,既表现出一定的效力,同时也因为高强度的意识形态约束与高密度的组织动员而显露出一定的界限。In the early days of the PRC,due to the lack of sufficient resources and professional talents,the prevention and control of infectious diseases was carried out through the″sanitization and epidemic prevention campaign″by mobilizing the whole people,including the mobilization at the social level and the mobilization in the bureaucratic system.The formation of bureaucratic mobilization went through a process of″building momentum″.Specifically,within the bureaucratic system,″energy field″was formed through the transfer of leaders′attention,which sequentially constructed a″loyalty testing mechanism″.By strengthening the local cadre tournament,the released″potential energy″was internalized into the conceptual logic of the bureaucratic action.By launching a″people′s war″,the potential energy realized the normalization of the epidemic prevention campaign.As the mobilization mechanism of bureaucracy,building momentum not only showed certain effectiveness,but also reflected certain limits because of the intense ideological constraints and dense organizational mobilization.

关 键 词：势能 官僚动员 血吸虫病 央地关系 

分 类 号：D63[政治法律—政治学] K27[政治法律—中外政治制度]