互联网真的可以矫正要素错配吗?  

Can the Internet Really Correct the Mismatch of Factors?

作　　者：闫星宇[1] 王宇宙 YAN Xingyu;WANG Yuzhou(Jiangsu Modern Service Industrial Research Institute,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China;School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学产业发展研究院,江苏南京210023 [2]南京财经大学国际经贸学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《南京财经大学学报》2023年第1期98-108,共11页Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“环境目标约束下的产业高质量发展研究”(20ZD&089);江苏省社会科学基金重点项目“服务业数字化促进江苏中等收入群体扩容的机制与路径研究”(22EYA004)。

摘　　要：生产要素的高效合理配置是我国制造业高质量发展的必要条件。随着互联网的快速发展,数据作为一种新型的生产要素,在数字经济发展中起着关键作用,对资本和劳动力等传统生产要素的配置也产生深刻影响。利用2003—2018年中国282个地级市的面板数据,测算资本和劳动力要素错配指数,分析互联网发展水平与资源错配的关系,验证互联网矫正资本和劳动力要素配置扭曲的成本机制以及异质性作用效果。研究发现:(1)互联网发展显著调节了城市劳动力和资本的配置过度现象,对于要素配置不足的调节作用并不显著;(2)互联网通过降低资本的机会成本、提高劳动力的使用成本等途径改善城市要素错配;(3)互联网矫正要素错配具有网络规模特征,互联网发展水平较高的城市对于要素错配的矫正效果更加显著;(4)互联网对于东部地区城市要素错配的纠偏作用更为明显,对于中心城市、高收入城市的纠偏作用更为全面。The efficient and rational allocation of production factors is a necessary condition for the high-quality development of China s manufacturing industry.With the rapid development of the Internet as a new type of production factor,data plays a key role in the development of the digital economy and has a major influence on the allocation of traditional capital and labor factors.Based on the panel data of 282 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2018,this paper calculates the mismatch index of capital and labor factors,analyzes the relationship between Internet development level and resource mismatch,and verifies the cost mechanism of the Internet to correct the allocation distortion of capital and labor factors as well as the effect of heterogeneity.This study finds the following:(1)Internet development has significantly adjusted the phenomenon of the excessive allocation of urban labor and capital,but it has no significant adjustment effect on the insufficient allocation of factors;(2)the Internet can reduce the opportunity cost of capital and increase the use cost of labor in such a way as to improve the mismatch of urban factors;(3)Internet correction factor mismatch has the characteristics of network scale,and cities with higher Internet development level have a more remarkable correction effect on factor mismatch;(4)the correction effect of the Internet on eastern cities and cities with high overcapacity is more pronounced,while the effect of the central cities and high-income cities is more comprehensive.

关 键 词：互联网发展 要素错配 要素价格扭曲 

分 类 号：F124[经济管理—世界经济]