16种植物甲醇提取物对小麦萌发及幼苗生长活性筛选与评价  

Screening and Evaluation of Wheat Germination and Seedling Growth Activity by 16 Plant Methanol Extracts

作　　者：郑瑞明 王莉[2,3] 张军高 鄢蓉 李进 梁晶[1,3] 雷斌 周小云 ZHENG Ruiming;WANG Li;ZHANG Jungao;YAN Rong;LI Jin;LIANG Jing;LEI Bin;ZHOU Xiaoyun(Key Laboratory of Oasis-Desert Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation of Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs/Research Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Engineering Research Center for Crop Chemical Regulation,Urumqi 830091,China;Xinjiang Oasis Xingyuan Agricultural Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐830091 [4]新疆绿洲兴源农业科技有限责任公司,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第1期32-42,共11页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区天山创新团队计划(2020D14001);天山雪松计划(2020XS16);新疆维吾尔自治区科技支疆计划(2020E02093);新疆维吾尔自治区乡村振兴产业发展科技行动(2020NC018)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析植物甲醇提取物对小麦萌发及幼苗生长的调节作用,筛选出生长调节活性较好的新型植物源提取物并确定适宜的浓度范围。【方法】以推广春麦品种新春44号为材料,以蒸馏水处理为对照,将16种农业药用植物甲醇提取物浸膏分别制备成4种不同浓度(10%、1%、0.1%、0.01%)的溶液。采用发芽试验筛选与盆栽试验验证,测定小麦幼苗的叶长、茎粗、地上部分干鲜重、内源激素含量以及光合特性等指标,运用隶属函数法与主成分分析法评价效果最优的植物源提取物并确定适宜的浓度范围。【结果】与对照比较,0.01%苦豆子、苦草和孜然甲醇提取物浸种发芽势分别增加10.00%、8.83%、7.62%;根长分别提高23.44%、21.88%、18.75%。筛选出0.1%苦豆子、0.01%苦豆子、0.01%孜然、1%苦草、0.1%苦草、0.01%苦草、10%曼陀罗和0.01%大戟提取物,0.01%苦豆子和苦草提取物叶长分别提高16.62%、15.91%;0.01%孜然与苦豆子提取物处理的小麦鲜重分别增加14.78%、5.15%。综合评价前3位分别为0.01%苦豆子、0.01%苦草和0.01%孜然提取物,对小麦具有一定的促生潜力。【结论】苦豆子、苦草、孜然3种低浓度甲醇提取物小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长效果较好,能够调控小麦内源激素水平,促进幼苗生长。【Objective】To explore medical plant resources,develop new pesticides,and promote green agricultural production,the regulatory effects of methanol extracts of 16 common medical plants on wheat germination and seedling growth were investigated,and new plant source extracts with good growth regulation activity were screened out and the appropriate concentration range was determined.【Methods】16 kinds of agricultural medicinal plant methanol extract were prepared into four different concentrations(10%,1%,0.1%,0.01%)of the solution.Through germination test screening and potting test verification,the leaf length,stem thickness,dry and fresh weight of aboveground parts,endogenous hormone content and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat seedlings were determined,and the plant-derived extracts with the best effect were evaluated by the membership function method and principal component analysis method and after that the appropriate concentration range was determined.【Results】The results showed that the germination potential of 0.01%Sophraalopecuroides,Vallisnerianatans and Cuminumcyminum methanol extracts increased by 10.00%,8.83%and 7.62%,respectively,and the root length increased by 23.44%,21.88%and 18.75%,respectively.The comprehensive evaluation of seed germination experiments by membership function method was preliminarily screened out,0.1%Sophraalopecuroides,0.01%Sophraalopecuroides,0.01%Cuminumcyminum,1%Vallisnerianatans,0.1%Vallisnerianatans,0.01%Vallisnerianatans,10%DaturametelL and 0.01%Euphorbia pekinensis extract,and further potting experiments verified that the leaf length of 0.01%Sophraalopecuroides and Vallisnerianatans extract increased by 16.62%and 15.91%,respectively,and the fresh weight of wheat treated with Cuminumcyminum and Sophraalopecuroides extract increased by 14.78%and 5.15%,respectively.The indexes were comprehensively sorted by principal component analysis,and the top three evaluation scores were 0.01%Sophraalopecuroides,0.01%Vallisnerianatans and 0.01%Cuminumcyminum extract,whic

关 键 词：小麦 甲醇提取物 活性筛选 

分 类 号：S482.3[农业科学—农药学] S512[农业科学—植物保护]