基于响应面法的多砾石砂土滴灌春小麦水肥条件优选  

Optimal Selection of Water and Fertilizer for Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation in Gravel Sandy Soil Based on Response Surface Methodology

作　　者：赵经华[1] 杨庭瑞 张恒[2] 虎胆·吐马尔白[1] 马亮[1] 陈凯丽[1] ZHAO Jinghua;YANG Tingrui;ZHANG Heng;Hudan Tumaibai;MA Liang;CHEN Kaili(College of College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第1期43-51,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划(2019E01011);新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅重点项目基金(XJEDU2017I007)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究多砾石砂土土质条件下不同水肥处理对滴灌春小麦生长发育的影响,为阿勒泰地区小麦的水肥施用提供指导。【方法】设置30 mm(W_(1))、45 mm(W_(2))、60 mm(W_(3))3个灌水水平及尿素施用0 kg/hm^(2)(N_(0))、300 kg/hm^(2)(N_(1))、600 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))3个施肥水平,利用方差分析及响应面法进行结果优选。【结果】同一灌水水平下,N_(0)处理相比N_(1)、N_(2)处理春小麦株高及干物质积累量较低,其中N_(0)处理与N_(2)处理株高和干物质积累量差异显著(P<0.05);同一施肥水平下春小麦株高及干物质积累量随着灌水量增加逐渐增加。灌水量对有效穗数有显著影响(P<0.05),对千粒重无显著影响(P>0.05)。施肥量对千粒重和有效穗数无显著影响(P>0.05)。灌水量与施肥量对每穗粒数和产量有极显著影响(P<0.01),水肥交互仅对产量有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】利用响应面法优选后的最佳水肥条件为灌水60 mm,施肥388 kg/hm^(2),该条件下小麦产量为6923.1 kg/hm^(2);W_(3)N_(1)处理(灌水量60 mm,施肥量300 kg/hm^(2))下小麦的干物质积累、产量构成及产量表现较好,最终产量为7040.93 kg/hm^(2),选取W_(3)N_(1)为较好的水肥处理。【Objective】Based on the spring wheat planting environment with gravelly sandy soil in Fuhai County,Altay,Xinjiang.this paper studied the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the growth and development of spring wheat under drip irrigation under the condition of gravelly sandy soil.,so as to provide guidance for the application of water and fertilizer of wheat in Altay Prefecture.【Method】Three irrigation levels of 30 mm(W_(1)),45 mm(W_(2))and 60 mm(W 3)and three fertilization levels of urea application 0 kg/hm^(2)(N 0),300 kg/hm^(2)(N 1)and 600 kg/hm^(2)(N_(2))were set,and the results were optimized by ANOVA and response surface methodology.【Result】The experiment found that under the same irrigation level,spring wheat plant height and dry matter accumulation of N_(0)treatment were lower than that of N_(1)and N_(2)treatments.Among them,the plant height and dry matter accumulation of N_(0)treatment and N_(2)treatment were significantly different(P<0.05);Under the same fertilization level,the plant height and dry matter accumulation of spring wheat increased gradually with the increase of irrigation amount.The amount of irrigation has a significant effect on the effective ear number(P<0.05),but has no significant effect on the thousand-grain weight(P>0.05).The amount of fertilization had no significant effect on the thousand-grain weight and effective ear number(P>0.05).Irrigation amount and fertilization amount have a very significant effect on the number of grains per panicle and yield(P<0.01),and the interaction of water and fertilizer only has a very significant effect on yield(P<0.01).【Conclusion】Under the applicable conditions of the response surface model,the optimal water and fertilizer conditions optimized by the response surface method are 60 mm irrigation and 388 kg/hm^(2)fertilization.Under these conditions,the wheat yield is 6,923.1 kg/hm^(2);analysis of comprehensive test results It was found that the dry matter accumulation,yield composition and yield performance of w

关 键 词：春小麦 水肥 产量 多砾石砂土 响应面法 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] TV93[水利工程—水利水电工程] S27