自主无人系统的军事应用风险与挑战  

Risks and challenges of Autonomous Unmanned Systems in military applications

作　　者：王菖 柏航 牛轶峰[1] WANG Chang;BAI Hang;NIU Yifeng(College of Intelligence Science and Technology,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China;Unit 32382,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学智能科学学院,湖南长沙410073 [2]32382部队,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《国防科技》2023年第1期34-40,共7页National Defense Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61876187);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(61906203);湖南省研究生教学改革研究项目(2021JGYB006)。

摘　　要：自主无人系统是一种能观察、善思考、会决策且具有一定自学习能力的新一代无人系统,可以单独或与其他有人系统或无人系统协同遂行目标搜索、识别、定位、跟踪、干扰、打击、评估等任务。如果自主无人系统携带致命性载荷,并且无须人类干预,则会带来潜在的误杀和滥杀风险。介绍自主能力、自主无人系统、致命性自主武器系统的概念和内涵,分析自动防御武器系统误判事故、大规模杀伤性微型无人机群设想、致命性自主无人机杀人事件等三个典型案例,深入探讨自主无人系统存在的战场目标感知、可解释性、可预测性与可靠性、人机信任、战场道德等5个方面的问题。Autonomous Unmanned System is a new generation of unmanned system that observes,thinks,makes decisions and has a certain level of self-learning ability.It performs target search,recognition,localization,tracking,jamming,attacking,evaluation and other tasks independently or in collaboration with other manned or unmanned systems.If the Autonomous Unmanned system carries lethal payload and does not require human intervention,it will bring potential risk of accidental and indiscriminate killing.The concept and connotation of autonomous capability,Autonomous Unmanned Systems and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems(LAWS)are introduced,and three typical cases,miscalculation of automatic defense weapon system,assumption of a swarm of micro killer drones,and fatal autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle homicide are analyzed.Five issues are further discussed about battlefield target recognition,explainablity of AI systems,predictability and reliability,man-machine trust,and ethical autonomy.

关 键 词：自主无人系统 人工智能 致命性自主武器系统 军备控制 人工智能风险 

分 类 号：D815.5[政治法律—国际关系]