中国萤石矿床分类及稀土元素地球化学特征  

Classification and REE Geochemical Characteristics of Fluorite Deposits in China

作　　者：刘道荣 商朋强 LIU Daorong;SHANG Pengqiang(Zhejiang Geological Prospecting Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mineral Bureau,Hangzhou,Zhejiang310002;China Bureau of Chemical Geology and Mine,Beijing 100013)

机构地区：[1]中化地质矿山总局浙江地质勘查院,浙江杭州310002 [2]中化地质矿山总局,北京100013

出　　处：《地质与勘探》2023年第2期211-222,共12页Geology and Exploration

基　　金：中国地质调查局地质调查项目(编号:DD20190086)资助。

摘　　要：中国萤石资源丰富,矿床数量众多,但尚无统一的分类标准。在总结现有萤石矿床分类基础上,以成矿热液来源为依据,将单一型萤石矿床划分为岩浆期后热液型、火山-次火山热液型及热卤水型3种,并介绍了各类萤石矿床的主要地质特征。结合已有文献资料,总结归纳各类型萤石矿床的稀土元素组成特征,探讨了成矿热液演化过程。岩浆期后热液型矿床萤石具有较高的稀土总量(∑REE均值约70×10^(-6))、较显著的铕负异常(δEu峰值在0.6~0.7)和较小的Y/Ho比值(主要变化范围30~65);火山-次火山热液型矿床萤石稀土总量与岩浆期后热液型接近,但具有显著的铕负异常或弱-中等的铕正异常(δEu峰值分别在0.1~0.2和1.1~1.2)和较小的Y/Ho比值(集中在40~50);热卤水型矿床萤石具有较低的稀土总量、显著的铕正异常(平均δEu>2)及较大的Y/Ho比值(均值约83)。与岩浆期后热液型和火山-次火山热液型矿床相比,热卤水型矿床的成矿流体可能经历了更复杂的演化过程。China is rich in fluorite resources and contains a large number of fluorite deposits,but there is no unified standard for fluorite deposits classification.On the basis of previous classification of fluorite deposits,this work divided fluorite deposits into three types according to ore-forming fluid sources,i.e.,post-magmatic hydrothermal type,volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal type and hot brine type,and introduced the main geological characteristics of various fluorite deposits.Based on previous documents,the REE composition of various types of fluorite deposits was summarized,and the evolution process of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids was discussed.Fluorites in post-magmatic hydrothermal deposits have higher∑REE(~70×10^(-6) on average),significant negative europium anomalies(peak value ofδEu at 0.6~0.7)and smaller Y/Ho ratios(main variation range of 30~65).Volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal deposits have similar∑REE in fluorites with post-magmatic hydrothermal type,but display significant negative europium anomalies or weak to medium positive europium anomalies(peak value ofδEu at 0.1~0.2 and 1.1~1.2,respectively)and smaller Y/Ho ratios(concentrated in 40~50).The fluorites in hot brine deposits have lower∑REE,significant positive europium anomalies(meanδEu>2)and larger Y/Ho ratios(mean~83).The ore-forming fluids of hot brine deposits may have experienced a more complex evolution process than those of post-magmatic hydrothermal and volcanic-subvolcanic hydrothermal deposits.

关 键 词：稀土元素 矿床分类 成矿热液 萤石矿床 

分 类 号：P619.2[天文地球—矿床学]