东北地区森林生态系统质量与功能提升对策建议  

Suggestions for Improving the Qualities and Functions of Forest Ecosystems in Northeast China

作　　者：朱教君[1,4,8] 张秋良 王安志[1,5] 王传宽 于立忠[1,4,8] 于大炮 张全智[3,7] 闫巧玲 郑兴波[1,5] 王冰 周正虎[3,7] 郝帅 张欣[2,6] 宋立宁 郑晓[1,4,8] 王兴昌 杨凯[1,4,8] 全先奎 高添[1,4,8] 孙一荣 张金鑫[1,4,8] Zhu Jiaojun;Zhang Qiuliang;Wang Anzhi;Wang Chuankuan;Yu Lizhong;Yu Dapao;Zhang Quanzhi;Yan Qiaoling;Zheng Xingbo;Wang Bing;Zhou Zhenghu;Hao Shuai;Zhang Xin;Song Lining;Zheng Xiao;Wang Xingchang;Yang Kai;Quan Xiankui;Gao Tian;Sun Yirong;Zhang Jinxin(Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China;Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Qingyuan Forest,National Observation and Research Station,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110016,China;National Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystem,Shenyang 110016,China;Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station of Daxing’an Mountains,Hohhot 010018,China;Heilongjiang Maoershan Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station,Harbin 150040,China;Qingyuan Forest CERN,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010018 [3]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [4]辽宁清原森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,沈阳110016 [5]吉林长白山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,沈阳110016 [6]内蒙古大兴安岭森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,呼和浩特010018 [7]黑龙江帽儿山森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,哈尔滨150040 [8]中国科学院清原森林生态系统观测研究站,沈阳110016

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2022年第5期41-48,共8页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW034);中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目(2022-XY-96)。

摘　　要：东北森林作为国家生态安全战略格局“两屏三带”和重要生态系统保护/修复重大工程“三区四带”中唯一森林带,在维护区域国防安全、粮食安全、生态安全、能源安全和产业安全等方面发挥着重要作用。长期以来,因自然与人为干扰,东北森林生态系统质量下降,影响其生态屏障功能的持续、稳定发挥。为有效提升东北森林生态系统质量和功能,本文基于东北森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站的长期观测和研究结果,结合地形、地貌特征,将东北森林划分为长白山、小兴安岭、大兴安岭、平原防护林、高原防护林、丘陵防护林等6个一级林区(包括12个亚林区),系统评估了各林区/亚林区的森林生态系统质量及其功能现状,甄别存在的问题并分析其成因;据此提出了完善并实施森林生态系统保护修复制度,实施提升东北森林生态系统生态屏障功能和木材战略储备能力的经营技术,实施“山水林田湖草沙”防护林生态系统构建、质量/功能提升技术等对策建议,为东北森林生态系统可持续经营及功能持续、稳定和高效发挥提供参考。As the"Forest Belt"in the"Two Barriers and Three Belts"of the National Ecological Security Strategic Patterns and the"Three Zones and Four Belts"of the Major Ecosystem Protection and Restoration Projects,Northeast Forest Ecosystems(NE Forest Ecosystems)play important roles in safeguarding regional defence and security,food security,ecological security,energy security and industrial security.For a long time,the quality of NE Forest ecosystems has declined due to human and natural disturbances,which has affected the sustainable and stable performance of its ecological barrier functions.In order to effectively improve the qualities and functions of the NE Forest ecosystems,firstly,the NE Forest ecosystems are divided into one-level 6 forest regions(12 sub-forest regions),including Changbai Mountain,Xiaoxing'an Mountain,Daxing'an Mountain,Plain Protective Forest Region,Plateau Protective Forest Region and Hilly Protective Forest Region,based on the long-term field observations and scientific research results obtained from the field stations of NE Forest ecosystems and combined with the geomorphic characteristics.The quality and function status of the forest ecosystems in each forest region and sub-forest region were systematically assessed,and the existing problems were identified and their causes were analyzed.Consequently,some suggestions were put forward,i.e.,improving and implementing the Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration System,implementing the management technologies to improve the ecological barrier functions and strategic timber reserve capacity of NE Forest ecosystems,and implementing the construction and quality/function improvement technologies of the protective forest ecosystem of"mountains,rivers,forests,farmlands,lakes,grasslands and sands".All of these suggestions will provide scientific and technological support for the sustainable management of NE Forest ecosystems and the sustainable,stable and efficient performance of its functions.

关 键 词：森林生态系统 东北森林带 北方防沙带 生态屏障功能 

分 类 号：S718.55[农业科学—林学]