华北地区林粮争地问题概况与对策建议  

General Situation and Countermeasures of Forest and Farmland Competition in North China

作　　者：王杨[1] 张启 Wang Yang;Zhang Qi(State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100093,China;Faculty of Life Science,Tangshan Normal University,Tangshan 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院植物研究所,植被与环境变化国家重点实验室,北京100093 [2]唐山师范学院,生命科学系,唐山063000

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2022年第5期49-54,共6页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW034)。

摘　　要：国土绿化是应对气候变化、实现“双碳”目标、维护国家和区域生态安全的根本途径。耕地保护是粮食安全的基础,华北地区作为我国重要的粮食主产区之一,在增加绿化面积、提高森林覆盖率的同时,未能切实处理好造林绿化和耕地保护之间的关系,出现了较为严重的林粮争地问题。本文通过系统综述发现,华北地区林粮争地的形式主要集中在违规占用耕地造林、耕地违规流转和耕地占补失衡3个方面。占地造林危害突出,主要表现在耕地面积减少和土地细碎化;耕作层破坏,土壤肥力下降,优质耕地资源减少;占补失衡,撂荒严重,农田生态环境恶化。反映出城市化背景下,由于农资成本高,农村劳动力缺失,部分地方政府对国家相关方针政策理解和贯彻存在偏差等原因,造成华北地区农业、林业发展不协调的问题。进而从健全法制体系、强化政策解读、加强监督管理、着力人才培养和科技支撑等方面提出了对策建议。Land greening is the fundamental way to cope with climate change,realize the"double carbon"goal and maintain the ecological security from regional to national scales.Farmland protection is the basis of food security.As one of the major grain producing areas in China,the imperfection of the relationship between afforestation and farmland protection aroused with the increasing of green area and forest coverage in North China.Resulting in serious problems of competition of lands between forestry and agriculture.Through a systematic review,we found that the forms of competition of lands between forestry and agriculture in North China mainly focused on three aspects,such as illegal occupation of farmland for afforestation,illegal transfers of farmland and the imbalance between occupation and compensation of farmland.Prominent hazards of afforestation on farmland are mainly manifested in three aspects,such as the reduction of farmland area and land fragmentation;the destruction of cultivated layer,the reduction of soil fertility,and the reduction of high-quality farmland;the imbalance between occupation and compensation,serious abandonment,and deteriorated ecological environment of farmland.The uncoordinated development of agriculture and forestry in North China is mainly due to the high cost of agricultural materials,the lack of rural labors,and the deviation in policy interpretation and implementation by local governments.Then we put forward ways and suggestions to alleviate these conflicts in the following aspects,including improving the legal system,strengthening the policy interpretation,strengthening supervision and management,providing more personnel training and scientific and technical support.

关 键 词：耕地保护 粮食安全 国土绿化 占地造林 “非粮化” “非农化” 

分 类 号：S7-05[农业科学—林学]