华中东南地区高比例人工纯林引发的问题与对策  

The Proportion and Potential Risk Analysis of Pure Plantation in Central and Southeast China

作　　者：张哲旗 周灵燕 王国锋[3] 杜正刚 周旭辉 Zhang zheqi;Zhou lingyan;Wang guofeng;Du zhenggang;Zhou xuhui(Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education,Center for Ecological Research,Northeast Asia Ecosystem Carbon Sink Research Center(NACC),School of Forestry,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;Center for Global Change and Ecological Forecasting,Tiantong National Field Observation Station for Forest Ecosystem,School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Forestry Bureau of Tanghe County of Henan Province,Tanghe 473400,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,东北亚生态系统碳汇研究中心(NACC),生态研究中心,森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150040 [2]华东师范大学生态环境学院,浙江天童森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,全球变化与生态预测研究中心,上海200241 [3]河南省唐河县林业局,唐河473400

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2022年第5期62-70,共9页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：中国科学院野外站联盟项目(KFJ-SW-YW034)。

摘　　要：华中和东南森林带位于我国经济发达、受人类活动影响最为剧烈的地区。20世纪因经济快速发展导致该区域内平原丘陵和低山原始森林逐渐消失,森林资源急剧下降。近年来随着植树造林、国家天保工程等实施,植被逐渐恢复,第九次全国森林资源清查数据显示,华中、东南地区总森林覆盖率约40%,总体森林资源状况较好。但人工林的树种组成比较单一、林龄构成不合理,生物多样性下降、土壤退化、水土保持能力弱和抵御病虫害能力低等问题逐渐凸显。针对上述弊端,应大力推进集约育林,从遗传控制、立地控制、密度控制、植被控制和地力控制5个方面入手。科学规划人工林建设,结合当地气候条件及立地条件设置造林模式,因地制宜地选择符合培育目标的种植材料。科学设置森林密度,营建混交林,发展多树种混交造林,特别是针阔混交林。注重林下植被培育,维护土壤肥力,加强人工林水分保持和养分归还。同时强化人工林经营管理,设置森林监测和检疫方案,制定有效的病虫害防治措施。旨在加强对森林生态环境的恢复与保护,维护自然生态平衡,为华中和东南地区人工林的可持续发展发挥积极作用。The forest belt in central and southeast China is located in an area with developed economy and the most severe impact of human activities.Primeval woods in the region's plains,hills and low mountains quickly vanished due to the necessity for rapid economic development in the 20th century,and forest resources drastically decreased.Since the Chinese afforestation and Tianbao initiatives were put into action,the vegetation has progressively returned.The Ninth National Forest Inventory shows that the total amount of forest cover in this area is about 40%,and the overall situation of forest resources has improved.However,most areas are the single species and the unreasonable forest age structure of artificial forests.The issues of decreased biodiversity,degraded soil,poor water and soil conservation,and low resistance to pest and disease in pure plantation woods have been prominent.We suggest that intensive silviculture should be vigorously promoted,starting from five aspects:genetic control,site control,stand density control,vegetation control and soil fertility control.In order to build up the afforestation mode,scientific design of the artificial forest is integrated with the regional climatic and overall macro-terrain parameters.According to local conditions,select planting materials that satisfy the demands of cultivation objectives,and moderately set forest density.Especially coniferous and broad-leaved mixed woods should be built.Consider the establishment of underbrush plants,maintaining soil fertility,and enhancing plantation water and nutrient return more consideration.In the meanwhile,we need to improve plantation forest management,establish forest monitoring and quarantine programs,and create scientifically sound pest and disease control strategies.Our mission is to strengthen the ecological environment of the forest,preserve the natural ecological balance,and contribute to the sustainable growth of plantation forests in central and southeast China.

关 键 词：人工纯林 病虫害 集约育林 防治技术 

分 类 号：S757[农业科学—森林经理学]