高铁动态票价与停站方案联合优化方法  

Joint optimization of ticket pricing and stop plan for high-speed railway

作　　者：秦进[1,2] 张子璇 黎熙琼 胡心磊 徐光明 杨康[1] 邹浩 QIN Jin;ZHANG Zixuan;LI Xiqiong;HU Xinlei;XU Guangming;YANG Kang;ZOU Hao(School of Traffic&Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;Rail Data Research and Application Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]轨道交通大数据湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2023年第3期812-823,共12页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(72171236,U2034208);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2020JJ5783,2022JJ30767)。

摘　　要：在高铁市场化运营过程中,高铁票价直接影响旅客需求,列车停站方案则会影响运输能力供给分配。目前高铁票价缺乏科学灵活的市场化调节机制,停站方案的制定也未能充分考虑票价调整对旅客需求的影响。为实现高铁供求关系的更好匹配,提升其市场化运营水平和竞争力,有必要研究基于客流需求和列车服务水平的高铁动态定价方法。基于旅客出行需求的价格弹性特征和列车停站方案对供需关系的影响规律,根据旅客购票规律将预售期划分成多个售票时段后,以最大化总的高铁运输收益和最小化总的旅客出行时间价值损失为目标,考虑票价范围、列车运能、票额配置、OD直达等约束条件,构建高铁动态票价、票额分配与列车停站方案联合优化的非线性混合整数规划模型,并结合问题特征设计双层模拟退火求解算法。以京沪高速铁路为例进行计算分析,优化后的综合方案能够使高铁运输收益增长3%以上,并使总的旅客出行时间价值损失降低8%以上。优化后的动态票价策略为预售期初期设置低折扣系数、后期设置高折扣系数,可以在提高客票收入的同时有效引导更多旅客更早购票。优化的列车停站方案能够在维持较高的客流水平的同时尽可能满足更多的客流需求。In the market-oriented operation of the high-speed railway(HSR),the ticket price has a direct impact on passenger demand,while the train stop plan can affect the distribution of transport capacity.However,the HSR lacks a scientific and flexible market-based mechanism to adjust the ticket price,and always formulates the train stop plan without considering the impact of price adjustment on passenger demand.To better balance passenger demand and HSR transport supply and improve HSR ' s market-oriented operation level and competitiveness,it is necessary to study the dynamic pricing method of HSR based on passenger demand and train service level.Considering the price elasticity of passenger demand and the impact of stop plan on passenger demand and transport supply,the pre-sale period was divided into multiple stages.A joint model that incorporates the stop plan into HSR dynamic pricing and seat allocation problem was proposed.The objective was to maximize the operating revenue of railway enterprises and minimize the travel time value loss of passengers under the constraints of price ranges,train capacity,direct service of OD pairs,etc.A bi-level simulated annealing algorithm was designed to solve the model.Finally,a case study using the ticket data of Beijing-Shanghai HSR was carried out.The results show that the optimized comprehensive plan can increase the transport revenue of HSR by more than 3%,and reduce the travel time value loss of passengers by more than 8%.The dynamic pricing strategy is to set low discount coefficients for the early pre-sale stages and set high coefficients for the later stages,which can effectively guide more passengers to buy tickets earlier while increasing ticket revenue.The optimized stop plan achieves a better combination of trains ' stopping patterns,satisfying as much passenger demand as possible while maintaining a high passenger flow level.

关 键 词：高速铁路 动态票价 列车停站方案 票额分配 联合优化 

分 类 号：U293.2[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]