论价值理性的异化  

On the Alienation of Value Reason

作　　者：陈新汉[1] CHEN Xinhan

机构地区：[1]上海大学哲学系,上海200444

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期31-42,共12页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：与“目的合乎理性”相对应的“价值合乎理性”要求主体把自觉确立或形成的社会价值观念作为目的设定及其实在化的“最后基准点”。价值合乎理性不内含康德的道德律或善良意志,既不能否定其理性意蕴,也不能等同于理性或以人为中心的理性。价值理性在运作中确立或形成作为社会行为“最后基准点”的社会价值观念,在目的设定中“有意识地突出行为的最后基准点”,并把此贯彻于目的实在化的过程中。人文精神是价值世界构建活动在社会意识中经过历史积淀所形成的追求自由的主体意识,通过作为载体之一的价值理性,在社会心理和社会意识形式的相互作用中规范人们的行为,以发挥“宇宙的无限权力”。价值理性异化的本质在于,作为“用”的价值理性在运作中背离了作为“体”的人文精神。价值理性运作中的异化机制包括在确立或形成“最后基准点”中异化、在目的设定中异化和在目的实在化中异化。价值理性异化与工具理性异化相互转化,然而由于目的作为规律决定着方法以及需要从价值理性异化的批判中消除产生工具理性异化的根据,因此价值理性异化更为根本。作为价值理性异化的历史案例,极端大日耳曼主义的膨胀,以及其作为纳粹德国种种目的设定及其实在化的“最后基准点”,对当今社会价值理性异化现象的分析有重要启示意义。用人文精神的“原则”对价值理性异化加以批判,不仅要坚持道德批判,更要坚持历史批判,即揭示其内在否定环节。坚持用具有时代特征的人文精神的“原则”对价值世界构建发展中价值理性异化呈现的新特征不断批判,有赖于人民主体不断地自我创造和自我发展。In contrast to“rationality of purpose”,“rationality of value”requires the subject to take the social values con⁃sciously established or formed as the“final reference point”for purpose setting and actualization.Rationality of value does not contain Kant’s moral law or good will;it can neither be denied its rational implications nor equated with rationality or human-cen⁃tered rationality.In the operation of value rationality,it establishes or forms social values as the“final reference point”of social behavior,“consciously highlights the final reference point of behavior”in the purpose setting,and carries this out in the process of purpose actualization.The humanistic spirit is the subjective consciousness of pursuing freedom formed in the social conscious⁃ness through the historical accumulation of value world construction activities,and regulates people’s behavior in the interaction of social psychology and social consciousness forms through the value rationality as one of the carriers,so as to bring into play the“infinite power of the universe”.The essence of value rationality alienation lies in the fact that value rationality as“use”deviates from the humanistic spirit as“body”in its operation.The mechanisms of alienation in the operation of value rationality include alienation in the establishment or formation of the“final reference point”,alienation in the setting of purpose,and alienation in the actualization of purpose.Value rationality alienation and instrumental rationality alienation are transformed into each other,yet value rationality alienation is more fundamental since the purpose as law determines the method and the need to eliminate the grounds for producing instrumental rationality alienation from the critique of value rationality alienation.As a historical case of value rationality alienation,the expansion of extreme Greater Germanism and the“final reference point”for the setting of various purposes and their actualization in Nazi Germany have impor

关 键 词：价值理性异化 社会价值观念 最后基准点 人文精神 

分 类 号：B018[哲学宗教—哲学理论]