到“内地”去:三线建设动员中的职工心态与工厂应对  

Going to the“Inland China”:Multiple Mentality of Employees and Factory Response under the Mobilization of the Third-Front Construction

作　　者：刘盼红 高红霞 LIU Panhong;GAO Hongxia

机构地区：[1]东华大学马克思主义学院,上海201620 [2]上海师范大学人文学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期144-152,共9页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划青年课题“上海近代纺织报刊中的工人运动资料整理与研究”(2021EDS001);东华大学繁荣计划预研究项目“中国近代纺织报刊研究”(2020Y005)。

摘　　要：考察三线建设动员中职工的复杂心态及工厂应对策略,有助于理解计划经济时期国家与职工的互动关系。20世纪60年代中期,三线建设决策出台,内迁职工心态大致表现为服从、积极主动、被动焦虑隐忍以及强烈抵触拒迁等多种类型,其产生主要与职工职务、政治身份、年龄、家庭等因素有关。作为基层执行单位的内迁工厂,其应对策略决定了动员成效。以上海支援三线建设的工厂为例,它们重视排摸职工心理状况,采取先党内后党外、先干部后群众,以精神激励为主、以适当的物质激励为必要的动员手段调动工人尤其是青年工人群体的积极性,以家庭为抓手排解职工的后顾之忧,软硬兼施、工作细致到位等措施加以应对,增强了职工对三线建设的认识,稳定了职工的支内情绪。然而,以上应对措施无法消解职工因迁出地与迁入地发展差异带来的巨大心理落差,造成了部分职工内迁后回流的现象。After the Third-Front Construction decision was made in the mid-1960s,the mentality of workers is generally manifested in many types,such as obedience,initiative,passive anxiety and forbearance,and strong resistance to relocation.The emergence of different mentality is mainly related to the staff’s position,political identity,age,family and other factors.As a grass-roots executive unit,the response measures and methods of the relocated factory determine the effectiveness of mobiliza⁃tion.Taking the Lifeng Dyeing and Weaving Factory and the 26th National Cotton Factory in Shanghai,which support the Third-Front of Fujian,as an example,the factory pays attention to the psychological status of workers,and takes the measures of first in⁃side the Party and then outside the Party,and first cadres and then the masses;give priority to spiritual motivation and mobilize the enthusiasm of workers,especially young people;take the family as the starting point to solve the worries of workers;meticu⁃lous work have been taken to deal with it,which has enhanced the workers’understanding of the Third-Front Construction,stabilized the workers’mood,and further improved the national social mobilization ability.However,these measures cannot elimi⁃nate the huge psychological gap caused by the development difference between the move-out place and the move-in place,resulting in the return of some workers after moving in.By investigating the complex mentality of workers under the mobilization of the Third-Front Construction and the measures of the factory,it is helpful to deepen the understanding of the interaction between the state and workers in the period of planned economy.

关 键 词：三线建设 支援内地 心态史 政治动员 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]