聊城市宾馆客房气态污染物暴露特征及对客房从业人员健康风险评估  

Characteristics of gaseous pollutants exposure in hotel guest rooms and its health risk assessment toroom employees in Liaocheng, China

作　　者：高衍新[1] 张晓[1] 江媛媛[1] 李仁波[1] 周汝彬 杜英林[1] GAO Yan-xin;ZHANG Xiao;JIANG Yuan-yuan;LI Ren-bo;ZHOU Ru-bin;DU Ying-lin(Division of Public Health Monitoring and Assessment,Shandong Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Jinan 250014,China;Department of Environmental Health,Liaocheng Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]山东省疾病预防控制中心公共卫生监测评价所,济南250014 [2]聊城市疾病预防控制中心环境所

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2023年第2期117-122,共6页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目

摘　　要：目的分析聊城市宾馆客房空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯质量浓度的年度动态变化特征,识别其对客房从业人员潜在健康风险,为加强宾馆的卫生管理提供科学依据。方法2016—2021年每年在聊城市选取18家宾馆进行客房空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯质量浓度的检测,并对客房从业人员工作模式等基本情况进行问卷调查;依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》(GB/T 18204.2-2014)对收集的样品进行实验室检测,参照美国国家环境保护署(United States Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型和我国《化学物质环境健康风险评估技术指南》(WS/T 777-2021)的方法,基于客房从业人员实际暴露时间评估宾馆室内空气中上述4种污染物吸入途径的致癌风险和慢性非致癌风险。结果2016—2021年该市宾馆客房室内空气样品中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯质量浓度总超标率分别为15.4%、0.3%、1.1%和1.2%,且质量浓度中位数均小于国家标准限值;按年度分别计算,4种污染物的浓度水平呈现出总体下降的趋势,且具有统计学意义;甲醛的致癌风险(carcinogenic risks,CR)和非致癌风险(hazard quotient,HQ)均最大,分别有2.5%(17/663)和60.0%(398/663)的潜在风险值超过10-4和1的水平,且最大值分别达到9.16×10-4和16.72;苯存在一定的致癌和非致癌风险,最大值分别为5.49×10-4和3.29;甲苯的HQ<1;二甲苯HQ最大值为2.30,可能存在一定的非致癌风险。结论聊城市宾馆客房空气中甲醛及苯系物均存在超标现象,少数场所点位两种气态污染物对客房从业人员存在不同程度的潜在健康风险。Objective To analyze the annual dynamic change characteristics of the mass concentrations of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene in the air of hotel guest rooms in Liaocheng,China,and assess their potential health risks to hotel room employees,so as to provide a scientific basis for strengthening health management for hotels.Methods From 2016 to 2021,18 hotels were randomly selected in Liaocheng in every year to measure the mass concentrations of gaseous formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene in hotel guest rooms,and a questionnaire survey was conducted for the working patterns and other information of hotel guest room employees.Air samples in the guest rooms were collected for laboratory testing according to the Examination Method for Public Places—Part 2:Chemical Pollutants(GB/T 18204.2-2014).Using the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)and the method from the Technical Guide for Environmental Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Exposure(WS/T 777-2021),the carcinogenic and chronic non-carcinogenic risks of the four gaseous pollutants in guest rooms through inhalation were evaluated based on the actual exposure time of guest room employees.Results The overall unqualified rates of formaldehyde,benzene,toluene,and xylene in Liaocheng hotels from 2016 to 2021 were 15.4%,0.3%,1.1%,and 1.2%,respectively.Their median mass concentrations were all lower than those of the national standard limits.The concentrations of the four pollutants showed generally downward trends from 2016 to 2021,with statistical significance(all P<0.001).Formaldehyde showed the greatest carcinogenic risk(CR)and non-carcinogenic risk(hazard quotient,HQ),with 2.5%(17/663)and 60.0%(398/663)above the potential risk levels of 10-4 and 1,respectively,and the maximum values reached 9.16×10-4 and 16.72,respectively.Benzene had certain carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks,with the maximum values of 5.49×10-4 and 3.29,respectively.The HQ of toluene was less than 1.The maximum HQ o

关 键 词：宾馆 甲醛 苯 甲苯 二甲苯 健康风险评估 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]