人巨细胞病毒疫苗的研究策略及方向  

Research strategies and advances in vaccines against human cytomegalovirus infection

作　　者：宋雅琴(综述) 谢政军(审校) SONG Ya-qin;XIE Zheng-jun(Department of Hematology,the Fifth Affiliated(Zhuhai)Hospital of Zunyi Medical University,Zhuhai 519100,Guangdong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学第五附属(珠海)医院血液内科,广东珠海519100

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2023年第1期56-63,共8页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：贵州省卫健委科学技术基金项目(gzwjkj2019-1-106);广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2019217)。

摘　　要：人巨细胞病毒(human cytomegalovirus, HCMV)感染进入宿主细胞后引起机体免疫系统对其应答和清除,自然杀伤细胞、B细胞及T细胞均参与这一过程。HCMV包壳中的ppUL53、ppUL83(pp65)、ppUL86、糖蛋白B(glycoprotein B, gB)、gH、gL、gM、gN及gO等膜磷酸化蛋白或膜糖蛋白,是引起机体对HCMV免疫的主要抗原。近年来,研究者针对以上候选抗原、抗原决定簇或表位采取不同的疫苗制备策略,以减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、肽疫苗、DNA疫苗、RNA疫苗等方式作了不同的HCMV疫苗人工主动免疫尝试,从Ⅰ、Ⅱ期临床试验结果来看,减毒活疫苗未能显示所期望的免疫保护作用,但亚单位疫苗、病毒载体疫苗、以及肽疫苗却显示了可能的免疫保护效应。现就近年来疫苗防治HCMV感染的不同研发策略及进展作一概述。The host immune system is activated to control and clear the human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) once it invades and infects the host cells, in which process T cells、B cells and NK cells are involved in. Membrane proteins or membrane glycoproteins, such as ppUL53, ppUL83(pp65), ppUL86, gB, gH, gL, gM, gN and gO in the HCMV envelope, are the main antigens that induce immunity to HCMV. Recently various strategies for the above candidate targets(antigens, antigenic determinants or epitopes) have been adopted to prepare vaccine on different platforms, including live attenuated vaccines, subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, peptide vaccines, DNA vaccines, and RNA vaccines. Results from phase I and II clinical trials reveal that protein subunit, viral vector and peptide-based vaccines have shown potential immune protective effect, although performance of live attenuated vaccines is less than expected after artificial active immunization. This article provides an overview of different development strategies and advances in HCMV vaccines.

关 键 词：人巨细胞病毒 感染 疫苗 免疫防控 抗原决定簇 

分 类 号：R373[医药卫生—病原生物学]