外资撤离与企业出口国内附加值率:基于工业企业微观数据的研究  

Foreign Divestments and the Domestic Value-added Rate of Enterprises’Exports:An Analysis Based on the Micro-data of Chinese Industrial Enterprises

作　　者：葛新庭 谢建国[1] GE Xinting;XIE Jianguo

机构地区：[1]南京大学长江三角洲经济社会发展研究中心、经济学院

出　　处：《国际贸易问题》2023年第2期92-108,共17页Journal of International Trade

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于要素生产与要素创造的大国贸易利益分配:逻辑、动力与测度研究”(72073062);教育部人文社会科学基金项目“比较优势迁移、生产重构与大国贸易利益分配:机制、影响与评估”(20YJA790074);江苏省社会科学基金项目“江苏高质量发展与现代开放经济体系构建研究”(19EYB003)。

摘　　要：本文基于2000—2015年中国工业企业数据和海关数据,研究了外资撤离对中国企业出口国内附加值率的影响。研究发现,外资撤离降低了直接关联企业出口国内附加值率,这种负面影响集中在劳动密集型行业和市场导向型外资。机制分析表明,外资撤离引起企业成本加成下降,改变企业中间品配置,进而削弱企业获取出口附加值的能力。涟漪效应研究发现,外资撤离产生的行业内关联和后向关联有利于本土企业提升出口国内附加值率,但前向关联会对下游企业的出口国内附加值率产生了不利影响。本文的研究结论表明,外资撤离对中国企业的影响具有两面性,外资撤离虽然对直接关联企业出口国内附加值率产生了负面影响,但也为行业内和上游企业的发展提供了市场空间。Based on the data of Chinese industrial enterprises and Chinese customs from 2000 to 2015,this paper studies the impact of foreign divestments on the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)of Chinese enterprises’exports.We find that foreign divestments reduce the DVAR of directly related enterprises’exports,and that this negative impact is concentrated in labor-intensive industries and market-oriented foreign divestments.The mechanism analysis suggests that foreign divestments cause a decline in firms’markup and change the allocation of intermediate goods,which in turn reduces the DVAR of enterprises’exports.Further research on the ripple effect shows that intra-industry linkages and backward linkages generated by foreign divestments increase the DVAR of local firms’exports,while forward linkages adversely affect the DVAR of downstream firms’exports.Our results indicate that the impact of foreign divestments on Chinese enterprises has two sides.While foreign divestments negatively affect the DVAR of directly related enterprises’exports,they provide market space for the development of intra-industry and upstream firms.

关 键 词：外资撤离 出口国内附加值率 价值链重构 

分 类 号：F746.12[经济管理—国际贸易]