哈尔滨市成年人对乙肝患者的歧视情况调研  

Analysis of discrimination against hepatitis B patients among adults in Harbin

作　　者：范晨璐[1,3] 周丹 关欣 FAN Chen-lu;ZHOU Dan;GUAN Xin(Institute of Immunization program,Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150056,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,黑龙江哈尔滨150056 [2]黑龙江省疾病预防控制中心 [3]浙江中医药大学

出　　处：《中国卫生工程学》2023年第1期1-4,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生健康委立项科研课题(2019-243);中国乙肝防控科研基金课题(YGFK20180043)、(YGFK20200076)。

摘　　要：目的调查哈尔滨市成年人对乙肝患者及乙肝病毒携带者的歧视现状。方法于2018年10月采用分层抽样法在全市抽取20个调查点,每个调查点抽取90例进行问卷调查,分析调查对象乙肝歧视情况。结果本研究共调查1802例,男女比为0.96∶1,年龄中位数为38.66岁,职业以农民为主(44.28%),文化程度以初中为主(36.29%),接种过乙肝疫苗的人数占60.65%。疫苗接种史方面,18~29岁、30~45岁、46~59岁各年龄段有明确乙肝疫苗接种史的比例分别为75.75%、63.71%、43.07%,呈现明显降低趋势(P<0.001);接种史为“有”的人群乙肝歧视程度为严重的比例(39.59%)显著低于接种史为“无”(51.86%)和“不详”(45.05%)的人群(P<0.001)。调查对象中不同意与乙肝患者及病毒携带者建立情侣关系(83.80%)、组建家庭(84.63%)、共同进餐(56.27%)、取消就业入学等限制(55.66%)的比例较高,有68.09%的家长不同意自己的孩子与乙肝患者及病毒携带者的孩子一起玩耍。69.37%的调查对象认为乙肝患者及病毒携带者应该拥有正常的工作/学习权利,68.09%的调查对象认为乙肝患者及病毒携带者不应该被隔离,70.53%的调查对象认为大学应该接收乙肝患者及病毒携带者。本次调查人群中严重歧视的有780例(43.29%),中度歧视的有704例(39.06%),不歧视的有318例(17.65%)。不同性别(χ^(2)=6.236,P=0.044)、文化程度(χ^(2)=39.438,P=0.001)、职业(χ^(2)=29.029,P=0.010)、乙肝疫苗接种史(χ^(2)=19.567,P=0.001)、年龄(χ^(2)=11.454,P=0.022)对乙肝患者及病毒携带者的歧视程度比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),而家庭人均年收入、婚姻状态对乙肝患者及病毒携带者的歧视程度比较差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。随着学历升高,歧视程度呈降低趋势(P<0.001)。结论乙肝歧视在哈尔滨市成年人中普遍存在,需根据不同人群采取相应干预措施,减少歧视发生。Objective This study was designed to analyze the situation of discrimination against hepatitis B patients among adults in Harbin.Methods Stratified sampling method was adopted to select 20 survey points,and 90 people were selected from each survey point for questionnaire survey,so as to analyze the discrimination against hepatitis B among the respondents.Results A total of 1802 cases were investigated in this study.The ratio of men to women was 0.96∶1,the median age was 38.66 years old,the occupation was mainly farmers(44.28%),the education level was mainly junior high school(36.29%),and the number of people who had received hepatitis B vaccine accounted for 60.65%.In terms of vaccination history,75.75%,63.71%and 43.07%of the people aged 18-29,30-45 and 46-59 years with a clear history of hepatitis B vaccination,respectively,showed a significant downward trend(P<0.001);The proportion of people with a vaccination history of"Yes"(39.59%)was significantly lower than those with a vaccination history of"No"(51.86%)and"Unknown"(45.05%)(P<0.001).The proportion of respondents who do not agree to establish a relationship with hepatitis B patients and virus carriers(83.80%),set up a family(84.63%),have meals together(56.27%),and cancel employment and enrollment restrictions(55.66%)was high.68.09%of parents did not agree that their children played with the children of hepatitis B patients and virus carriers.69.37%of the respondents believed that hepatitis B patients and virus carriers should have normal work/learning rights,68.09%of the respondents believed that hepatitis B patients and virus carriers should not be isolated,and 70.53%of the respondents believed that universities should accept hepatitis B patients and virus carriers.There were 780 cases(43.29%)of serious discrimination,704 cases(39.06%)of moderate discrimination and 318 cases(17.65%)of non-discrimination among the surveyed population.Different genders(χ^(2)=6.236,P=0.044),education level(χ^(2)=39.438,P=0.001),occupation(χ^(2)=29.029,P=0.010),hepatitis B

关 键 词：成年人 乙肝 歧视 因素 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]