全脑显微光学成像  

Whole-Brain Optical Imaging

作　　者：江涛 龚辉 骆清铭 袁菁 Jiang Tao;Gong Hui;Luo Qingming;Yuan Jing(HUSTSuzhou Institute of Brainsmatics,Suzhou 215000,Jiangsu,China;Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei,China;School of Biomedical Engineering,Hainan University,Haikou 570228,Hainan,China)

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学苏州脑空间信息研究院,江苏苏州215000 [2]华中科技大学武汉光电国家研究中心,湖北武汉430074 [3]海南大学生物医学工程学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《中国激光》2023年第3期1-13,共13页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：科技部科技创新2030重大项目(2021ZD0201000);国家自然科学基金(81827901)。

摘　　要：全脑介观神经联接研究是解析脑认知功能的神经输入输出环路结构基础、普查基因表达与细胞类型,以及绘制全景立体脑图谱的科学前沿。光学成像方法在横向方向能够达到亚微米的分辨率,并可通过多种手段实现“光学切片”的效果,具备在介观水平观测神经环路的天然优势。基于组织透明或机械切削的自动化全脑显微光学成像方法,突破了光学成像在生物组织中成像深度的限制,具有在大范围内提供介观水平精细观察的技术优势。结合各类生物样本荧光标记技术,全脑显微光学成像方法在神经环路的结构和功能的研究方面有着巨大潜力,已成为剖析全脑神经及血管网络的最佳方式。为了更全面地了解和认识这种有力的工具,总结了近年来发展的各类全脑显微光学成像方法,并展望了未来的技术发展。Significance The brain is one of the most complex systems,the culmination of evolution over billions of years of life.But until now we have not been able to accurately describe the mechanism of memory,thought and consciousness.Due to the lack of understanding of the structure and function of the brain,we have no effective drugs and treatments for neurological diseases such as schizophrenia,epilepsy,Alzheimer’s disease,and Parkinson’s disease.The structure of the brain is extremely complex and can be divided into different levels,such as brain lobes,neural circuits,neurons,synapses,and even molecules.The brain’s powerful function stems from its huge number of nerve cells and their complex interconnections.The mapping of wholebrain mesoscopic neural connections in model animals such as mice requires technical tools that can achieve largescale acquisition of highresolution threedimensional data in the centimeter scale.Optical imaging methods can achieve submicron resolution in lateral direction and can realize“optical sectioning”by various means,which have the natural advantage of observing neural circuits at the mesoscopic level.In this review,we summarize the various kinds of wholebrain optical imaging methods developed in recent years and look forward to future technological development.Progress Due to the scattering and absorption of biological tissues,the imaging depth of traditional optical methods is limited,and only tens of microns to hundreds of microns of the shallow layer of mouse brain can be imaged.To break through the limitation of imaging depth in biological tissues and achieve high voxel resolution and largescale 3D imaging,optical microscopy must be combined with histological methods(Fig.1).Tissue clearing based wholebrain optical imaging methods are technologies that first clear biological tissues to improve optical imaging depth,and then use lightsheet fluorescence microscopy(LSFM)for rapid imaging(Fig.2).For a whole mouse brain sample,rapid imaging of micrometer resolution can be comple

关 键 词：生物光学 全脑显微光学成像 光学层析 微米分辨率 脑图谱 神经环路 神经元 

分 类 号：Q-334[生物学]