新生儿细菌性脑膜炎诊治中的几个问题  

Several problems in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal bacterial meningitis

作　　者：岳少杰[1] Yue Shaojie(Department of Neonatology,Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410008,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学湘雅医院新生儿科,长沙410008

出　　处：《中华实用儿科临床杂志》2023年第3期192-197,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics

摘　　要：新生儿细菌性脑膜炎仍然是一种严重危及新生儿生命的常见疾病,致死和致残率高。近年来虽然其发病率有所下降,但其严重后遗症的发生率无明显变化。新生儿细菌性脑膜炎临床表现极不典型,需做脑脊液检查明确诊断。早期发现和及时有效抗生素治疗是提高治愈率的关键。新生儿脑膜炎时还极易发生脑水肿与颅内高压,导致脑组织缺氧缺血,进一步加重脑损伤。因此,新生儿细菌性脑膜炎的治疗在强调抗生素治疗的基础上还需要关注脑水肿与颅内高压的防治。Neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a common and life-threatening disease in newborns,with high mortality and morbidity.Despite its declining incidence in recent years,the rate of severe sequelae shows slight changes.The clinical manifestation of neonatal bacterial meningitis is atypical,and thus its diagnosis requires cerebrospinal fluid examination.Early detection and effective antibiotic treatment are the key to improve the survival rate.In addition,neonatal bacterial meningitis is often complicated with brain edema and intracranial hypertension,which would result in cerebral ischemia and hypoxia,and further aggravate brain injury.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of brain edema and intracranial hypertension while adopting antibiotic therapy in the treatment of neonatal bacterial meningitis.

关 键 词：细菌性脑膜炎 脑脊液 抗生素 颅内高压 脑水肿 婴儿 新生 

分 类 号：R722.1[医药卫生—儿科]