基于圆筒入渗仪的田间膜孔灌土壤入渗参数研究  

Soil Infiltration Parameters for Field Film Hole Irrigation Based on Cylinder Infiltrometer

作　　者：范严伟[1] 唐兴鹏 史金红 马天花 FAN Yanwei;TANG Xingpeng;SHI Jinhong;MA Tianhua(College of Energy and Power Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学能源与动力工程学院,兰州730050

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2023年第2期302-310,367,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51969013);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(21JR7RA225)。

摘　　要：了解膜孔灌形成的土壤湿润体尺寸对于设计经济高效的灌溉系统至关重要。采用HYDRUS-2D/3D数值模拟方法,研究土壤容重和膜孔直径对12种质地土壤入渗特性的影响。基于180组数值模拟结果,对湿润体运移模型的参数进行了优化。采用田间圆筒入渗仪试验和室内土箱试验(文献资料)对模型的可靠性进行评价。结果表明:湿润半径和湿润深度均随膜孔直径和灌溉时间的增大而增大,而随土壤容重的增大而减小;两者与稳渗率和灌溉时间呈幂函数关系,建立一种适用于不同土壤质地类型的湿润体运移模型;对于特定土壤质地,稳渗率与土壤容重和膜孔直径之间具有良好的幂函数关系,幂函数指数分别为-6.3和1.1,幂函数系数只需1组圆筒入渗仪田间试验即可推求。所建模型计算值与12组试验实测值一致性较好,均方根误差接近于0(介于0.020~0.170 cm之间),纳什效率系数趋近于1(介于0.995~0.999之间),实现了膜孔灌湿润体尺寸模型在田间的实际应用,试验设计简单,方便管理人员进行快速的现场评估。The development of wetting zone in soil under film hole irrigation is a crucial parameter for designing an effective irrigation system.HYDRUS-2D/3D numerical simulation was used to study the effects of soil bulk density and film hole diameter on the soil infiltration characteristics under 12 soil textures.Based on 180 simulated results,the parameters of the wetting front movement model were improved.The accuracy of the model was validated against experimental data published in the literature and measured by authors.The results showed that the migration process of soil wetting front was increased with the increase of film hole diameter and irrigation time,however it was decreased with the increase of soil bulk density.The migration distance of the wetting front had a power function relation with the steady infiltration rate and time,whereby the model of wetted volume was established for different soil texture types.For a given soil texture,the steady infiltration rate had a good power function relationship with soil bulk weight and film hole diameter with power function exponents of-6.3 and 1.1,and the power function coefficients was deduced from only one set of cylinder infiltrometer field tests.The model simulation values were in good agreement with the measured values from 12 groups experiments,the RMSE was between 0.020 cm and 0.170 cm,and the NSE was between 0.995 and 0.999,which realized the practical application of the empirical model for predicting the wetting pattern dimensions under film hole irrigation in the field with simple experimental design,easy operation and quick field evaluation.

关 键 词：膜孔灌 圆筒入渗仪 湿润体尺寸 稳渗率 入渗参数 

分 类 号：S275.4[农业科学—农业水土工程]