经典名方中白扁豆的本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Lablab Semen Album in Famous Classical Formulas

作　　者：杨美权[1] 左应梅[1] 杨天梅[1] 许宗亮[1] 詹志来 张金渝[1] YANG Meiquan;ZUO Yingmei;YANG Tianmei;XU Zongliang;ZHAN Zhilai;ZHANG Jinyu(Institute of Medicinal Plants,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院药用植物研究所,昆明650201 [2]中国中医科学院中药资源中心,北京100700

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2023年第8期116-124,共9页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中国中医科学院科技创新工程项目(CI2021A03702)。

摘　　要：通过查阅历代本草、医籍、方书及近现代文献资料,笔者对经典名方中所用白扁豆的名称、基原、产地、品质评价及加工炮制方法等进行了本草考证。结果表明历代本草多以扁豆、白扁豆为正名,其命名多源于其形态、色泽;历代所用主流基原为豆科植物扁豆Lablab purpureus,药用部位主要为白色成熟种子,宋代增加了扁豆叶、明代增加了扁豆花药用;近代以来推崇的道地产区为江苏苏州、浙江等地,现主产于云南楚雄、新平,四川攀枝花等地;白扁豆传统品质评价以个大,粒实,饱满,色白者为佳;历代本草记载的主流采收时间为农历八月至九月,种子成熟时采收其豆荚,并取出种子晒干;古代主流炮制方法主要有种子连皮炒后研碎使用,亦有浸后去皮生用。基于以上考证结论,建议经典名方所用白扁豆选取扁豆L.purpureus开白花植株的种子或花,原方未明确注明炮制要求的可以白扁豆的干燥生品或干花入药。In this paper,the name,origin,quality evaluation,producing area and processing methods of Lablab Semen Album in the famous classical formulas were researched by reviewing the ancient materia medica,medical books,prescription books and modern literature.The results showed that the name of Lablab Semen Album in the past dynasties was mostly derived from its shape and color,called Biandou and Baibiandou.The mainstream origin used in the past dynasties was Lablab purpureus,the medicinal parts were mainly white mature seeds,with the addition of the leaves in the Song dynasty and the flowers in the Ming dynasty.Since modern times,the authentic producing areas of Lablab Semen Album are Suzhou,Zhejiang and other places,and now mainly produced in Chuxiong and Xinping,Yunnan and Panzhihua,Sichuan.The traditional quality evaluation of Lablab Semen Album is evaluated as large,solid,full and white.The harvesting time of this herb is recorded from the eighth to the ninth lunar month in related literature,the pods are picked when the seeds are ripe,and the seeds are dried in the sun.In ancient times,the processing of Lablab Semen Album mainly consisted of frying the seeds with skin and then pulverizing for use,or soaking and peeling seeds for raw use.Based on the conclusion of the textual research,it is recommended that the seeds or flowers of the white flowering plants of L.purpureus,a member of the leguminosae,should be used in the famous classical formulas,and the dried seeds or dried flowers of Lablab Semen Album can be used as medicine if the formula did not clearly indicate processing requirements.

关 键 词：经典名方 白扁豆 基原 药用部位 品质评价 中药炮制 本草考证 

分 类 号：R289[医药卫生—方剂学] R931[医药卫生—中药学] R28[医药卫生—中医学] G254[文化科学—图书馆学]