清代刑部说帖的撰写及司法权威的生成  

The Compilation of Memorandum in the Board of Punishments in the Qing Dynasty and the Formation of Judicial Authority

作　　者：李明 LI Ming(School of History and Culture,Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学历史文化学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第2期47-56,共10页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“清代刑部研究”(20FZSB016)资助成果。

摘　　要：法律建议书含义上的“说帖”出现于明代中叶后。清乾隆四十九年刑部开启了汇辑编纂刑部说帖文献的先河。刑部说帖是清代刑部内伴随案牍流转程序,由刑部长于刑名的司员所撰写的案件办理意见,是律例馆修例时的储备素材。到了清后期,律例馆官员直接撰写说帖也渐成常制,因此惯称“律例馆说帖”。刑部说帖在乾、嘉朝汇辑时多按时间先后编排,至道光朝后,编纂体例发展为按律例次序,以方便检览。刑部说帖虽不能在案件拟判中直接援用,但由于它辨惑析疑,有助于开拓心思、扩展识见,同时也由于它出自刑部精英之手,因人生权,地方希望在办案时与中央意见保持一致,减少来自上级的批驳,因此各级司法工作者无不重视说帖,也由此形成了刑部说帖在例案文献中的权威性。Case memorandum that provided legal advice first appeared after the middle of Ming Dynasty. The Board of Punishments started to compile the collections of memorandum in 1784. The officials who wrote the memorandum for complicated cases had abundant legal knowledge, and their statements were formed naturally in the process of adjudication. The memorandums and legal opinions were organized by the Codification Office and provided materials to modify the Great Qing Code.Officials of the Codification Office also directly composed memorandum in the late Qing Period. These memorandums were edited and sequenced to the order of the index of the Great Qing Code after the Daoguang reign. Judicial practitioners preferred the memorandums because they were helpful to make decisions though they could not be cited in documentation of cases. Because local judicial officials wanted to be consistent with the Board of Punishments and reduce the rate of rejected cases, local judicial officials warmly welcomed the memorandum. These different kinds of collections of judicial cases became a foundation for judicial authority.

关 键 词：说帖 律例馆 例案集 法律知识 清代刑部律学 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]