清前期蒙古死刑制度考述(1644—1756)  

An Inquiry to the Death Penalty System of the Mongols in the Early Qing Period(1644—1756)

作　　者：张心雨 周建波[1] ZHANG Xinyu;ZHOU Jianbo(School of Economics,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]北京大学经济学院,北京100871

出　　处：《清史研究》2023年第2期71-83,共13页The Qing History Journal

摘　　要：本文考证清前期(1644—1756)蒙古死刑制度的发展演变与适用。清入关后,理藩院比照《大清律》制定《大辟条例》,确立蒙古死刑制度,同时蒙古传统法律在死刑制度中得以保留。监候作为蒙古死刑的覆核程序,制度规定始见于顺治十五年,实际推行追溯至康熙初年。雍正元年,死刑监候适用于蒙古盗窃四项牲畜罪,后纳入蒙古例。司法实践中,以刑部为首的三法司对蒙古死刑的裁量权提升。皇帝之下,死刑判决原由理藩院独掌,后改理藩院会三法司共同掌握。刑部“部权特重”现象有延伸至蒙地之势,有助于清廷对蒙古诸部最高司法权力的巩固。This article examines the development and application of the Mongolian death penalty system in the early Qing era. After entering the Shanhai pass, the Ministry of Colonial Affairs formulated Capital Punishment Regulations(dapi tiaoli) based on the Qing Code to determine a death penalty system for Mongols, while the traditional Mongolian code was preserved in the death penalty system.A death penalty review system(jianhou) of Mongols first appeared in 1658, and the implementation can be traced back to the early Kangxi period. In 1723, the death penalty review system was applied to cases of theft of livestock, then incorporated into Mongolian Code. In judicial practice, the power of the Three Judicial Departments, headed by the Board of Punishment, increased. Under the emperorship,the death sentence was originally in the sole control of Ministry of Colonial Affairs, and only later the Three Judicial Departments assumed joint control. The phenomenon of “heavy power of the Board of Punishment” tended to spread to Mongolian region, which was conducive to the consolidation of the Qing court’s supreme judicial power over Mongolian tribes.

关 键 词：清前期 蒙古 死刑制度 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]