循环水养殖系统重金属的分布特征及鱼体风险评估  

Distribution characteristics of heavy metals in recirculating aquaculture system and risk assessment of fish

作　　者：李纯毅 崔正国[2] 白莹 尹杨媛 崔鸿武 胡清静 曲克明[2] LI Chunyi;CUI Zhengguo;BAI Ying;YIN Yangyuan;CUI Hongwu;HU Qingjing;QU Keming(Tianjin Agricultural University College of Fishery,Tianjin,300380,China;Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Pilot National Laboratory Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process Functional Laboratory,Qingdao,266071,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院水产学院,天津300380 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海洋渔业可持续发展重点实验室,青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,青岛266071

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第3期733-742,共10页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD0900603);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费(2020TD49)资助.

摘　　要：为研究海水循环水养殖系统中水体及养殖鱼体重金属的分布特征和评估鱼体的污染状况及健康风险,本文以2021年山东省烟台市某水产公司两个海水循环水养殖系统中15个站点的水样和不同生长周期的牙鲆、珍珠龙胆石斑鱼(Paralichthys olivaceus、Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂)为研究对象,选用原子吸收光谱法和原子荧光光谱法测定分析其中重金属铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)和砷(As)的含量,并评估鱼体重金属的污染状况和健康风险.结果显示,循环水养殖系统水体的重金属含量均未超标,在生物体中的含量均符合国家限量标准.水体中Cu、Zn含量最大,Pb、Cd含量在9月最高,微滤机净化池水中的Pb含量大,Hg、Cu含量为6月最高,As含量为10月最大,水体中重金属含量可能与换水率、季节变化等情况有关.鱼体中牙鲆和珍珠龙胆石斑鱼重金属含量均表现为Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,Cu、Zn作为鱼类生长的必要微量元素其含量最大;同一鱼体的重金属含量在不同生长周期存在显著差异,不同种类鱼体重金属含量均值差异显著(Hg除外).根据综合污染指数法,鱼体肌肉内的重金属污染状况均属于无污染清洁状态,目标危险系数证明其膳食暴露风险都较低.综合表明,此循环水养殖系统中的水体和鱼体是安全的,人类食用此系统中的鱼体不会存在相关风险.In order to study the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in water body and cultured fish of the seawater recirculating aquaculture system and evaluate the pollution status and health risk of fish,this paper selected the water samples from 15 sites in two seawater recirculating aquaculture system and the Paralichthys olivaceus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂with different growth period of an aquaculture company in Yantai City,Shandong Province in 2021 as the research objects.Atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry were used to determine and analyze the contents of copper(Cu),lead(Pb),zinc(Zn),cadmium(Cd),mercury(Hg)and arsenic(As),and we also evaluated the pollution status and health risks of heavy metals in fish.The results showed that the content of heavy metals in water body of the recirculating aquaculture system did not exceed the standard,and the content in organisms met the national limit standard.The content of Cu and Zn in water body were the highest,and the content of Pb and Cd were highest in September.The content of Pb was high in the water of the microfilter purification pool,the content of Hg and Cu were highest in June,and the content of As was highest in October.The content of heavy metals in water body may be related to the water exchange rate,seasonal changes,etc.The contents of heavy metals in Paralichthys olivaceus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×Epinephelus lanceolatus♂were all followed the order:Zn>Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,Cu and Zn were the essential trace elements for fish growth and their contents were the highest.The content of heavy metals in the same fish had significant differences in different growth period,and the mean content of heavy metals in different kinds of fish has significant differences(except Hg).According to the comprehensive pollution index method,the heavy metal in the muscle of fish belonged to the clean state without pollution.The method of target risk coefficient proved that the dietary exposure risk of fis

关 键 词：循环水养殖 重金属 鱼 风险评估 

分 类 号：X714[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X820.4