南海近岸珊瑚礁海域表层水体中微塑料的分布特征  

Distribution characteristics of microplastics in surface waters of inshore coral reefs area in the South China Sea

作　　者：陈欣 谢秀琴 王孟 杨嘉钰 邓伟[1] 卢楚谦[1] 陈畅曙[1] 倪志鑫[1,3] CHEN Xin;XIE Xiuqin;WANG Meng;YANG Jiayu;DENG Wei;LU Chuqian;CHEN Changshu;NI Zhixin(South China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Guangzhou,510300,China;School of Marine Sciences,Sun Yat-sen University,Zhuhai,510275,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology,Guangzhou,510301,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海环境监测中心,广州510300 [2]中山大学海洋科学学院,珠海510275 [3]广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室,广州510301

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第3期843-854,共12页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家海洋局南海分局海洋科学技术局长基金(180103);广东省应用海洋生物学重点实验室(LAMB20221007)资助.

摘　　要：海洋环境中的微塑料作为近年来备受国内外关注的一种新型污染物,具有颗粒小、难去除和分布广等特性,并且易携带有毒有害物质,易被生物吸收,因此海洋微塑料成为影响珊瑚礁生态系统健康的重要因素.研究近岸珊瑚礁海域水体中微塑料的污染分布特征有助于了解陆源污染对近岸珊瑚礁生态系统的影响,为珊瑚礁海域生态环境保护提供基础数据.为探究中国南海近岸珊瑚礁海域(文昌和徐闻海域)表层水体中微塑料的分布特征,本研究采用拖网法(0.33 mm)在该海域设置10个站位并收集表层水体中的微塑料样品,经过微塑料鉴定及数据统计分析后,得出以下结论:(1)南海近岸珊瑚礁海域表层水体微塑料的平均丰度为(1.186±1.370)n·m^(-3),高于外海珊瑚礁海域;与国内外其他近岸海域相比,其丰度处于中等水平.(2)粒径0.1—3.0 mm范围内的微塑料数量检出最多,占总数的82.1%;文昌珊瑚礁海域微塑料的主要成分是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,主要颜色为白色,形状以纤维为主;徐闻珊瑚礁海域主要成分为聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯,主要颜色为白色和透明,形状分布相对均匀,以片状和泡沫状为主.(3)南海近岸珊瑚礁海域表层水体中微塑料的分布主要受地形、河流输入和人类活动的影响,丰度高值站位主要位于海湾、港口、河口等易于微塑料的积累的位置.(4)生产和生活污水排放是文昌珊瑚礁海域表层水体中微塑料的主要来源,而废弃的日用品和农渔业用品是徐闻珊瑚礁海域表层水体中的微塑料的主要来源.人类活动对海洋微塑料丰度和组成有很大影响,因此,应加强南海近岸珊瑚礁海域的污水排放和渔业活动管控,预防和减少微塑料污染.Microplastics,which are considered as emerging contaminants,have attracted much more attention currently for their small sizes,resistant to degradation and wide distribution in aquatic environments.Moreover,marine microplastics are easy to carry the toxic and harmful substances and be absorbed by organisms.Thus,marine microplastics are considered as an important factor affecting the health of coral reef ecosystems.Studying the pollution distribution characteristics of microplastics in inshore coral reef waters is helpful to understand the impact of terrestrial pollution on the health of inshore coral reef ecosystems and provide basic data for ecological environment protection in coral reef waters.In order to study the distribution characteristics of microplastics in the surface waters of the inshore coral reef waters in the South China Sea(Wenchang and Xuwen),the mesh surface trawls(0.33 mm pore size)were used to collect microplastics in the surface water at 10 sample sites.After microplastics identification and data statistical analysis,we draw the following conclusions:(1)The average abundance of microplastics in the surface waters of the inshore coral reefs of the South China Sea was(1.186±1.370)n·m^(-3),which was higher than the coral reef waters in the open sea.Besides,the abundance of microplastics was at a medium level compared to other inshore waters at home and abroad.(2)The number of microplastics with the particle size ranging from 0.1—3.0 mm was the most detected,accounting for 82.1%of the total microplastics.Furthermore,the microplastics in the Wenchang coral reef sea area were mainly composed of polyethylene terephthalate,the main color was white,and the shape was mainly fibers.In addition,the microplastics in the Xuwen coral reef area were mainly comprised of polypropylene,polyethylene and polystyrene,the main color was white and transparent,and the shape was relatively uniform,mainly in fragment and foam.(3)The distribution of microplastics in the surface waters of inshore coral reefs in the S

关 键 词：微塑料 珊瑚礁 中国南海 表层水体 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]