基于内容分析法的我国失独扶助政策特征及优化路径——来自22省市的政策文本  

The Characteristics and Optimization Paths of the Assistance Policy for Families Having Lost Their Only Child Based on Content Analysis Method——Policy texts from 22 provinces in China

作　　者：刘波[1] 袁喆 LIU Bo;YUAN Zhe(School of Public Administration,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510006,China;School of Humanities and Social Science,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院,广东广州510006 [2]哈尔滨工程大学人文社会科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《湘潭大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第2期37-44,56,共9页Journal of Xiangtan University:Philosophy And Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“政策网络视阈下城市失独家庭养老保障体系构建研究”(17BGL154)。

摘　　要：计划生育国策间接导致了失独家庭的产生。依据马斯洛需求层次理论,通过NVivo 12.0软件的词频分析、聚类分析与频数统计功能对我国22省市失独扶助政策进行内容分析。结果表明:扶助政策以满足生理和安全需求为主,尤其是经济扶助、养老安抚和医疗保障,而爱与归属、尊重、自我实现需求则较少满足,子节点中临终关怀和法律援助需求占比较低,就业优惠与教育培训关注度欠缺,扶助具有基础性和物质性特征,精神性和发展性较为欠缺;中央与地方扶助政策在文本结构和文本内容方面相似性较高,少数地方政策存在一定创新,地方政策同质性较强,可操作性较差。未来扶助政策应以失独家庭需求为导向,提高扶助需求层次,推动以赋能为导向的积极失独扶助政策,构建兼具基本需求型和发展需求型功效的综合全面扶助体系,同时增强地方政策创新性。The appearance of families who have lost their only child was indirectly resulted from the family-planning policy.From the perspective of Maslow′s Hierarchy of Needs,we have analyzed the assistance policies for families having lost their only child of 22 provinces by Nvivo12.0 with its word frequency analysis,cluster analysis,and frequency statistics functions.Our results show that assistance policies,especially economic support,old-aged security and medical care,mainly meet the physiological needs and safety needs,while the needs for love and belonging,respect and self-actualization are less likely to be met.Among the sub-nodes,the needs for hospice care and legal aid are relatively low and the needs for employment preference and education training attract less than enough attention.The assistance is basic and material but it is relatively insufficient in psychology and development.The similarities of text structure and content between the assistance policies of the central and local government are rather high.Only a few local policies are innovative,and most of them have strong homogeneity and poor operability.In the future,the assistance policy should take the needs of families having lost their only child as the orientation and enhance the level of assistance needs,establish a comprehensive support system with the function of meeting both basic needs and developmental needs and promote an empowerment-oriented positive assistance policy while strengthening the innovativeness of the local policies.

关 键 词：失独家庭 扶助政策 需求层次理论 内容分析法 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学]