数据跨境转移的欧盟规则及对中国的启示  

EU Rules on Data Cross-Border Transfer and Its Enlightenment to China

作　　者：梅傲[1] 黄林羚 MEI Ao;HUANG Linling(Southwest University of Political Science&Law)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学争端解决国际竞争力研究中心

出　　处：《国际贸易》2023年第3期37-44,共8页Intertrade

基　　金：重庆市社科规划项目“‘一带一路’倡议下中国企业海外发展的域外法律保护问题研究”(2019YBFX026);司法部国家法治与法学理论项目“‘英国脱欧’对中英双边法律制度的影响研究”(17SFB3040)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：数字经济已经进入新的发展阶段,正成为重组全球要素资源、改变国际竞争格局的关键力量。数据跨境转移作为数字经济驱动的产物,在促进全球经济发展方面发挥着重要作用,在数字经济时代,数据跨境转移规则设计已引起各国重视。欧盟较早对数据跨境转移进行探索,其数据跨境转移规则走在世界前沿。欧盟数据跨境转移规则立法经历了从公约到指令再到条例的法律层级变化,实现了从建议性规范到强制性规范的法律效力升级,在全球树立了数据立法的“欧盟模式”。相较于数字经济规模的快速扩张,我国的数据跨境转移规则制定仍处于发展阶段。我国数据跨境转移规则的框架虽已基本形成,但仍存在数据跨境转移规则立法碎片化、数据跨境转移监管较为薄弱及国际数据跨境转移规则制定话语权尚未掌握等缺憾。为进一步巩固数据跨境转移监管的法治基础,我国应借鉴欧盟经验,健全数据跨境转移规则体系、完善数据跨境转移监管机制、增强全球数据跨境转移规则制定话语权,形成数据跨境转移的规则体系的“中国方案”。The digital economy has entered a new stage of development and is becoming a key force in restructuring global factor resources and changing the international competitive landscape.As a product driven by the digital economy,data cross-border transfer plays an important role in promoting global economic development.In the era of digital economy,the design of rules for data cross-border transfer has attracted the attention of various countries.The EU has been at the forefront of the world in exploring the rules for data cross-border transfer.The EU legislation on data cross-border transfer has undergone a change in the legal hierarchy from a convention to a directive to a regulation,and has upgraded the legal effect from a recommended norm to a mandatory norm,establishing the“EU model”of data legislation in the world.Compared to the rapid expansion of the digital economy,China's data cross-border transfer rules are still in the development stage.Although the framework of China's data cross-border transfer rules has basically taken shape,there are still shortcomings such as fragmented data cross-border transfer rules legislation,weak data cross-border transfer regulation and the discourse on international data cross-border transfer rules has not yet been grasped.In order to further strengthen the rule of law foundation for data cross-border transfer regulation,China should learn from the EU experience,improve the data cross-border transfer rule system,perfect the data cross-border transfer regulation mechanism,enhance the global data crossborder transfer rule-making discourse,and form a“Chinese solution”for the data cross-border transfer rule system.

关 键 词：数据跨境转移 欧盟 数字经济 数据监管 数据治理 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]