重檐歇山顶叠加暗廊转经道形制的河湟地区藏传佛教殿堂研究  

Architectural Research on the Tibetan Buddhist Temple Halls of the Hehuang Region

作　　者：李江[1,2] 杨菁[3] 刘源[2] 李宁[2] LI Jiang;YANG Jing;LIU Yuan;LI Ning(Beijing Engineering Research Center of Historic Buildings Protection,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124;Faculty of Architecture,Civil and Transportation Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124;School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学北京市历史建筑保护工程技术研究中心,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学城市建设学部,北京100124 [3]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2022年第6期49-60,共12页Dunhuang Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于中华语境‘建筑—人—环境’融贯机制的当代营建体系重构研究”(52038007);北京教委科技计划一般项目(KM202010005023)。

摘　　要：位于青藏高原和黄土高原关键过渡地带的河湟地区,是汉、藏文化碰撞与融合的重要场所。西藏地区于吐蕃时期所形成的暗廊转经道和中原地区于宋金时期所发展出的重檐歇山顶,这两种迥然不同的结构类型在河湟地区相互叠加组合,产生了一种独特的藏传佛教殿堂建筑类型,在结构形制、营造做法等方面体现出汉、藏传统建筑相互嫁接、彼此借鉴的鲜明特色,极大地丰富了中国传统建筑异彩纷呈的营造形式。处于河湟地区这一藏传佛教向外传播起始阶段的汉藏结合式佛殿类型,填补了中国民族建筑研究、地域建筑研究的关键中间过渡环节,并有力见证了多元民族建筑文化共同推进中国传统建筑的不断向前发展。Located in a key transition area between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau,the Hehuang Area is an important region for the interaction and blending of Han and Tibetan cultures.The architectural structure of“dark circumanbulation corridor”took shape in Tibet during the Tibetan Empire period,while gable-and-hip roofs with double eaves developed in the Central Plains during the Song and Jin dynasties.These two different methods of construction were combined in Hehuang and gave rise to a unique style of architecture in Tibetan Buddhist temple halls that encouraged the development of architecture that combined the artistic styles of Han Chinese with regional ethnic cultures.In particular,the combination of these two features reflects the distinctive characteristics created by the mutual study and influence that occurred between traditional Chinese and Tibetan cultures,and clearly shows how different methods of construction from different cultures can enrich and reinforce one another.Research on this Tibetan-Han style of architecture fills in a key transitional link in research on architecture that combines Chinese regional ethnic styles,and provides a powerful witness to the historical development of Chinese architecture.

关 键 词：河湟地区 藏传佛教殿堂 重檐歇山顶 暗廊转经道 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]