反外国制裁的路径演化与中国选择  

The Legal Path Evolution of Anti-foreign Sanctions and the Choices of China

作　　者：霍政欣[1] 陈彦茹 HUO Zhengxin;CHEN Yanru

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院 [2]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第2期179-192,共14页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大专项项目“习近平法治思想与中国特色法学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系创新研究”(项目编号:2022JZDZ003)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：外国制裁包含三种类型:一是外国中央与地方政府采取的制裁措施,二是由私主体实施的但可以归因于政府的歧视性限制行为,三是国际组织施加的单边制裁。中国近年来遭遇的外国制裁以美国制裁为主。美国对华制裁在性质上属于单边制裁,制裁措施主要包括旅行禁令、进出口管制和金融制裁等类型,依其效力范围又可分为初级制裁和次级制裁。域外积累的反外国制裁路径主要有事前预防、国际争端解决和国内立法反制等,它们各有优缺点。面对不断加大的外国制裁压力,我国应在统筹推进国内法治和涉外法治的系统工程中加快反外国制裁法治体系建设,一方面积极吸收国际经验,丰富反外国制裁路径,合理借鉴事前预防模式,善用国际争端解决机制,另一方面加快完善反外国制裁立法体系,提高司法反制水平和执法反制效能,为维护国家主权、安全、发展利益提供有力的法治保障。Foreign sanctions consist of three types:sanctions measures imposed by foreign central and local governments,discriminatory restrictive acts imposed by private subjects attributed to states,and unilateral sanctions imposed by international organizations.Most sanctions against China in recent years are those taken by the U.S.These sanctions should be characterized as unilateral sanctions in international law,including travel bans,import and export controls,and financial sanctions.Their legal effects include primary sanctions and secondary sanctions.The existing international experience of legal methods of anti-sanctions can be summarized into several main types:the prior prevention of foreign sanctions,international dispute settlement,and domestic anti-sanctions each with its own merits and drawbacks.Facing increasing pressure from foreign sanctions,China should accelerate the construction and improvement of the rule of law system in terms of anti-foreign sanctions in a systematic project to promote both domestic rule of law and foreign-related rule of law.On one hand,China should draw on international experiences to enrich approaches of anti-foreign sanctions,reasonably adopt the approach of prior prevention of foreign sanctions,and appropriately resort to the international dispute settlement mechanism.On the other,China should accelerate the construction of anti-foreign sanctions legislation,and improve the judicial performance and law enforcement in terms of the anti-foreign sanctions law,providing rule of law protection for the sovereignty,national security,and development interests.

关 键 词：反外国制裁 单边制裁 不干涉原则 阻断法 涉外法治 

分 类 号：D996.1[政治法律—经济法学]