克服盆栽小菊远缘杂交受精前障碍的技术研究  

Technical Study on Overcoming Pre-fertilization Obstacles of Distant Hybridization of Potted Chrysanthemum

作　　者：雒新艳[1] 刘英[1] 王利红 李芳[1] 王辉[1] 卢洁 LUO Xin-yan;LIU Ying;WANG Li-hong;LI Fang;WANG Hui;LU Jie(Weifang Vocational College,Weifang 261000,China;Shandong Province Forest Seedling and Flower Station,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊职业学院,山东潍坊261000 [2]山东省林木种苗和花卉站,山东济南250014

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2023年第1期81-84,共4页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金博士基金项目(BS2015NY009);潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2018GX025)。

摘　　要：盆菊远缘杂交受精前障碍是造成不亲和的重要原因。为了提高盆栽小菊远缘杂交授粉成功率,以二倍体野生近缘种质红花除虫菊和甘野菊为父本,盆菊栽培品种白美人菊和红风车为母本,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢染色法测定了不同开放时期盆菊柱头的可授性,确定母本的最佳授粉时期;每个组合均设6种授粉方法 [常规杂交授粉(CK),提前授粉,柱头雾喷300 mg/L生理盐水后授粉,柱头雾喷300 mg/L生理盐水+50 mg/L硼酸后授粉,柱头雾喷50 mg/L赤霉素后授粉,柱头雾喷PEG1500 50 mg/L后授粉]处理,比较了不同授粉方法对杂交种子结实量的影响。结果表明:2个盆菊品种开花当天的柱头可授性均较低,此后逐渐增强,花开第3天达到最强,随后快速降低,至花后2 d柱头已基本失去可授性。红花除虫菊×白美人菊和甘野菊×白美人菊2个组合的常规杂交授粉结实量分别为2.5和3.1粒/花序;红花除虫菊×红风车和甘野菊×红风车2个组合的常规杂交授粉结实量分别为1.5和1.8粒/花序。4个杂交组合提前授粉、柱头雾喷生理盐水以及生理盐水+硼酸处理的杂交授粉结实量均明显低于常规杂交授粉。柱头雾喷赤霉素后授粉,红花除虫菊和甘野菊2个父本与白美人菊组合的结实量略低于常规杂交授粉,而与红风车组合的结实量分别较常规杂交授粉提高13.3%和27.8%。柱头雾喷PEG1500后授粉,红花除虫菊和甘野菊2个父本与白美人菊组合的结实量与常规杂交授粉相当,而与红风车为母本的2个杂交组合的结实量分别较常规杂交授粉均提高了33.3%。盆菊柱头的可授期较短,在花被片展开后的2~4 d授粉。雾喷50 mg/L PEG1500溶液可以有效增加盆菊柱头黏性,提高远缘杂交结实量。Pre-fertilization obstacle of distant hybridization of potted chrysanthemum is an important reason for incompatibility.In order to improve the success rate of distant hybridization and pollination of potted chrysanthemum,the receptivity of stigma of potted chrysanthemum at different opening periods was determined by benzidine-hydrogen peroxide staining method with diploid wild relatives of Pyrethrum coccineum and Dendranthema lavandulifolium as male parent and the potted chrysanthemum cultivated varieties‘White Beauty’and‘Red Windmill’as female parents,and the best pollination period of female parent was determined.Each combination was treated with six pollination methods(conventional cross pollination(CK),early pollination,spraying 300 mg/L physiological saline on stigmas followed by pollination,spraying 300 mg/L physiological saline+50 mg/L boric acid on stigmas followed by pollination,spraying 50 mg/L gibberellin on stigmas followed by pollination,spraying PEG150050 mg/L on stigmas followed by pollination),and the effects of different pollination methods on the hybrid seeds setting were compared.The results showed that the stigma receptivity of the two potted chrysanthemum varieties was low on the day of flowering,and then gradually increased,reaching the highest on the third day of flowering,and then rapidly decreased,and the stigmas had basically lost receptivity on the second day after flowering.The seed setting of conventional cross of P.coccineumבWhite Beauty’and D.lavandulifoliumבWhite Beauty’was 2.5 and 3.1 seeds per inflorescence,respec tively,and that of P.coccineumבRed Windmill’and D.lavandulifoliumבRed Windmill’was 1.5 and 1.8 seeds per inflorescence,respectively.The seed setting of the four combinations by early pollination,spray ing physiological saline on stigmas and spraying physiological saline+boric acid on stigmas was significantly lower than that of conventional cross pollination.After spraying gibberellin on stigmas,the seed setting of the combinations of P.c

关 键 词：盆栽小菊 远缘杂交 受精前障碍 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]