国际刑事法院检察官自行调查权制约机制:预审分庭的司法审查  

The Constraint Mechanism of the Prosecutor’s Proprio motu Power to Initiate Investigations in the International Criminal Court:Judicial Review by the Pre-Trial Chamber

作　　者：汪小静 WANG Xiaojing

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《国际法学刊》2023年第1期60-78,156,共20页Journal of International Law

摘　　要：《罗马规约》第15条赋予检察官自行调查权,起草人担心出现权力滥用的危险,认为这一权力需要制衡。由此若检方在缔约国或安理会没有提交情势的情况下主动展开调查,检察官必须事先获得预审分庭的授权。该机制旨在避免因缺乏充分的事实或法律依据而进行明显没有根据的调查。预审分庭的审查要素自阿富汗情势以来发生了“三要素”向“唯一要素”标准的转变,导致审查机制的标准反而低于申请标准。预审分庭不具有调查权,因此只能审查检察官提交的事项,授权范围限于检察官请求中的事件和密切相关的事件。对于检察官的不调查决定,若仅依据“公正利益”作出,预审分庭具有复核权;针对其他种类的不调查决定,预审分庭并无此项权力。Article 15 of the Rome Statute grants the Prosecutor the power to initiate investigations proprio motu,and the drafters were concerned about the risk of abuse of power and the need for a counter-balance to this power.As a result,if the Prosecutor initiates an investigation with no referral from a State Party or the UNSC,the Prosecutor must obtain prior authorization from the Pre-Trial Chamber.This mechanism is aimed at avoiding conducting a manifestly groundless investigation without a sufficient factual or legal basis.The Pre-Trial Chamber’s elements of review have shifted from the“three elements”of the“single element”standard since the Afghanistan situation,resulting in a review mechanism with a lower standard than the standard of application for investigation.The Pre-Trial Chamber does not have investigative powers and therefore can only examine matters referred to it by the Prosecutor,limiting its mandate to the events at the Prosecutor’s request and closely related events.The Pre-Trial Chamber has the power to review the Prosecutor’s decisions not to investigate if they are based solely on the“interests of justice”;it does not have such power concerning other types of decisions not to investigate.

关 键 词：国际刑事法院 《罗马规约》 自行调查权 预审分庭 

分 类 号：D997.9[政治法律—刑法学]