秦及汉初外戚的政治平衡作用  

The Political Balancing Function of the Relatives of the Empresses and Royal Concubines in the Qin and Early Han Dynasties

作　　者：张梦晗 Zhang Menghan(Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing,102488,China)

机构地区：[1]《中国社会科学院大学学报》,北京102488

出　　处：《古代文明（中英文）》2023年第2期113-121,159,共10页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“‘亡秦必楚’的历史文化探究”(项目批号:21FZSB034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：外戚在秦及汉初的政治格局中有其特殊作用与影响。从秦昭襄王即位到秦始皇统治前期,外戚在平定叛乱、维系政权平稳交接乃至制约权臣方面作用显著。秦统一后外戚式微,使朝野中缺少了维持政治平衡的重要力量,可谓赵高和李斯得以促成沙丘之谋的原因之一。外戚势力的式微,是秦在建立大一统帝国的新格局下对外戚进行打压的结果。史书中关于秦始皇后宫的记载,也可能因此被有意识地删除。至于汉初吕氏外戚的勃兴,则与“惩戒亡秦孤立之败”,主动回归功臣与亲戚并重的发展路线有关。Waiqi(外戚),the relatives of the empresses and royal concubines,playedspecial roles in the Qin and early Han politics.From the period of King Zhaoxiang of state Qin to the early period of the First Emperor,waiqi helped the royal house greatly in suppressing rebellions,ensuring royal power transfer smoothly,and controlling the powerful ministers.After the unification,the decline of waiqi in terms of political influence led to the lack of an important balancing force in court politics,which should be considered as one of the factors related to the occurrence of the shaqiu(沙丘)conspiracy by Zhao Gao(赵高)and LiSi(李斯).The decline of waiqi was resulted from Qin’s suppression for building up its highly centralized imperial power structure.The lack of records about the waiqi of the First Emperor in history books may be made on purpose.As for the political rise of the Lü(吕)family in the early Han period was related to taking the lesson from Qin and returning to the policy of relying on both meritorious officials and royal relatives.

关 键 词：外戚 政治平衡 秦始皇 吕后 沙丘政变 

分 类 号：K234.1[历史地理—历史学] K233[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学]