樟子松种子园防治花粉污染管理的思考与建议  

Thoughts and Suggestions on Pollen Pollution Control Management in Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica Seed Orchard

作　　者：韦睿 于宏影[1,2] 丛日征 WEI Rui;YU Hong-ying;CONG Ri-zheng(Harbin Research Institute of Forestry Machinery,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Harbin 150086;Research Center of Cold Temperate Forestry,CAF,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局哈尔滨林业机械研究所,哈尔滨150086 [2]中国林业科学研究院寒温带林业研究中心,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《温带林业研究》2023年第1期41-44,共4页Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“樟子松种子园传粉期外来花粉污染格局研究”(31800552)。

摘　　要：樟子松天然分布于我国大兴安岭山地和呼伦贝尔沙地一带,具有适生性强、生长快、材质优良等特点,是我国东北部山区重要针叶造林树种之一。为推广良种生产、提高产种品质建立的樟子松种子园正面临松果产量逐年下降的窘境,而花粉污染正是造成这一问题的重要原因之一。为在实际生产中有效缓解花粉污染所带来的负面效应,本文就种子园外围花粉污染隔断、人工辅助授粉降低污染率、辅助授粉方法、樟子松花粉采集以及合理树体管理等五方面进行论述,通过地理隔断、交错建园、错开散粉期等方法降低外源花粉污染几率,进一步借助合理的人工辅助授粉的形式提高结种质量及产量。此外结合适当的树体管理,在空间上促进种子园内的花粉混匀,促进异交、降低自交产生的空粒。以期通过本文总结对我国樟子松种子园的花粉管理生产实践提供切实的指导建议,并从实际出发提升优良种子产量。Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica is naturally distributed in the Great Xing’an Mountains and Hulunbuir sandy land in China,with the characteristics of strong adaptability,fast growth and excellent timber.And it is one of the important coniferous afforestation trees in the mountains of Northeast China.The Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seed orchards established to promote improved seed production and improve seed quality are facing the dilemma of pine fruit yield decreasing year by year pollen pollution is one of the important reasons for this problem.In order to effectively alleviate the negative effects of pollution in actual production,this paper discussed five aspects,which are pollen pollution isolation outside the seed orchard,artificial pollination to reduce the pollution rate,assisted pollination methods,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica pollen collection and appropriate tree management.To reduce the probability of exogenous pollen pollution through geographical partition,staggered garden construction and staggered pollination period,and further improved the seed setting quality and yield by reasonable artificial pollination.In addition,combined with appropriate tree management,we can promote the spatial mixing of pollen in the seed garden,promote outcrossing and reduce the empty grains produced by selfing.This paper was expected to provide practical suggestions for the pollen management of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seed orchard in China,and improve the yield of excellent seeds from a practical point of view.

关 键 词：樟子松 种子园 花粉管理 花粉污染防治 种实增产 

分 类 号：S791.253[农业科学—林木遗传育种]