作物野生近缘植物保护与可持续利用  

Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Crop Wild Relatives

作　　者：王金朋 李吉宁 索梦曦[1,2,3] Wang Jinpeng;Li Jining;Suo Mengxi(Breeding Base for State Key Lab.of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China,Yinchuan 750021,China;Key Lab.of Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,宁夏银川750021 [2]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2023年第3期15-20,共6页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：典型区域农业野生植物资源调查与监测项目(13210213)。

摘　　要：作物与人类文明的传承和发扬密不可分。世界人口和人均需求量的持续增加导致植物资源的供需失衡。作物自身相对较低的遗传多样性是影响产量和品质的主要因素。作物野生近缘植物在生境中积累了多种基因型,并在应对环境变化时形成了多种表现型,是作物种质保护和品种改良的重要遗传资源。但随着生境破坏以及全球气候变化等不确定因素的持续影响,使得作物野生近缘植物的存活和繁殖质量受到了严重威胁,必须采取有效的措施进行保护。本文总结了国内外对作物野生近缘植物保护工作所取得的进展,应对我国在保护中存在的问题提出相应的改良建议。最后以国内代表性作物为例,对其保护与利用情况进行了讨论.Crops are interrelated from the inheritance and elaboration of human civilization.Continued growth in global population and human demand result in an imbalance between supply and demand of plant resources.The relatively low genetic multiple of crops themselves was a major factor affecting production and quality.Crop wild relatives had accumulated a variety of genotypes in their habitats and formed a variety of phenotypes in response to environmental changes.They were important genetic resources for crop germplasm protection and variety improvement.However,with the continuous impact of uncertain factors such as habitat destruction and global climate change,the survival and reproductive quality of crop wild relatives were seriously threatened,and effective measures must be taken to protect them.This review summarized the progress made in the protection of crop wild relatives at current situation in China,and put forward corresponding improvement suggestions in response to the problems existing in the protection.Finally,taking domestic representative crops as an example,its protection and utilization were discussed.

关 键 词：作物野生近缘植物 原生境保护 易地保护 保护建议 

分 类 号：S4[农业科学—植物保护] S58