继受与超越:日本损害赔偿法上可预见性规则之源流考  

Succession and Transcendence:The Origin of the Rule of Foreseeability in Japanese Damages Law

作　　者：王懋 Wang Mao

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律文明史研究院

出　　处：《苏州大学学报（法学版）》2023年第1期108-121,共14页Journal of Soochow University：Law Edition

基　　金：华东政法大学博士生海外访学项目资助研究成果。

摘　　要：日本民法第416条以可预见性规则确定损害赔偿的范围,该规则最初源于法国法,但在法典论争进程中,立法者关注到英美可预见性规则对法国法的重塑,将其吸收进明治民法。在此过程中,日本并未完全照搬英美法,而是着眼于社会现状与发展需求,尝试融合英美经验以创新本国规则。明治民法颁布后,为继受德国损害赔偿理论,学界在第416条条文基础上,以解释论的形式嫁接德国理论。但因德日损害赔偿原理迥异,面临调和难题。最终在学界的不懈努力下,通说淡化了相当因果关系的功能,削弱了相当因果关系与完全赔偿的联系。法典编纂后对德国理论的改造消化,使日本进一步完成了对渊源于英美法的损害赔偿规则的超越。日本可预见性规则的发展对明确我国损害赔偿理论框架也极具参考意义。Article 416 of the Japanese Civil Code defines the scope of damages by the rule of foreseeability,which originally originated from French law.However,in the course of the codification debate,the legislator paid attention to the reshaping of French law by the Anglo-American foreseeability rule and incorporated it into the Meiji Civil Code.In this process,Japan did not follow the model of the Anglo-American law but tried to integrate the Anglo-American experience to innovate its own rules,considering the current situation and development needs of society.After the enactment of the Meiji Civil Code,to inherit the German theory of damages,the academic community grafted on the German theory in the form of an interpretation theory based on Article 416.However,due to the very different principles of damages in Japan and Germany,there was a problem of reconciliation.In the end,through the persistent efforts of the academic community,the general doctrine diluted the function of equivalent causation and weakened the link between equivalent causation and full compensation.The post-codification adaptation of the German doctrine allowed Japan to further transcend the rules of damages with their roots in common law.The development of foreseeability rules in Japan is also of great significance in clarifying the theoretical framework of damages in China.

关 键 词：日本民法第416条 违约损害赔偿范围 可预见性规则 相当因果关系 

分 类 号：D913[政治法律—民商法学]