明中叶闽中官征盐策略及其演变  

Official Salt Collection Strategy and Its Change in Central Fujian during the Mid-Ming Period

作　　者：叶锦花 Ye Jinhua

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学史学研究中心,珠海519087

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2023年第2期101-112,共12页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项基金项目“明代盐政运作与东南海疆经略调适”(批准号:19VJX033)阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：正德四年(1509)之前闽中本色盐课制度在国家层面维持不变,而地方盐官征盐的策略则有多次调整。为解决制盐技术改进带来的食盐生产力提高,濒海人群矛盾加剧,以及盐场职役吞并、挪移盐课代办费等问题,福建官府先是改变向所有灶户征盐的操作,将灶户分为附海、依山两类,令前者为后者代纳盐课,再是由运司以收银发商购盐的方式完成征盐任务。闽中征盐策略如此灵活变通,与盐政运作方式、朝廷监督地方盐政技术手段有限等因素给予地方较大的征盐空间密切相关,也是福建相关官府在不影响利用盐课满足国家财政需求的前提下,面对盐政运作具体问题采取的具有针对性的调整。考察官征盐策略,有助于深入掌握盐场的盐政运作及其演变逻辑,进一步厘清依山灶户、附海灶户等盐政基本概念,加深对明代盐场社会变迁的认识。Prior to 1509,the Ming's court believed that the salt tax in central Fujian was collected in kind.While the strategy of collecting salt tax adopted by local salt officials was altered several times.At that time,the problems of salt administration were as follows:an increase in salt production caused by technical improvement,the contradiction among the coastal people,the corruption of salt officials,and the misappropriation of salt tax.In order to solve the problems,the Fujian government took the following measures:First,change the operation of collecting salt tax in kind from all types of saltmen.Salt men were divided into two types--salt men close to the sea(fuhaizaohu)and salt men close to the mountain(yishanzaohu).The former must pay salt tax for the latter.Second,the department of salt transportation(yunsi)collecting silver from yishanzaohu and sending it to the merchants to purchase salt from fuhaizaohu to complete the task of collecting salt tax in kind.The flexibility of the local salt taxation strategy was closely related to the possibility of local independent operation provided by the financial operation mode and the limited technical means of court supervision.The strategy was the adjustment of the Fujian government to the problems in the practice of the salt administration,without affecting the Kaizhong system and officials'own career.The investigation of the strategy of official salt collection helps to deepen our understanding of the salt taxation practice in salt fields and its change logic.It also can help us to know more about the concepts of yishanzaohu and fuhaizaohu.It can also deepen our understanding of the social changes in the salt fields in the Ming dynasty.

关 键 词：明中叶 官征盐 盐课 制度运作 策略 

分 类 号：F426.81[经济管理—产业经济] K248[历史地理—历史学]