主客观知识沟:知识沟研究的新方向  

Subjective-Objective Knowledge Gap:A New Direction of Knowledge Gap Research

作　　者：韦路[1] 秦璇 Wei Lu;Qin Xuan

机构地区：[1]浙江大学传媒与国际文化学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2023年第2期53-67,127,共16页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“媒介体制与社会信任研究”(项目编号:19ZDA325)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：当知识沟研究迈进第二个50年,学术界亟须发展和完善知识沟理论,不断提升该理论的适应性和解释力。该研究提出“主客观知识沟”这一新概念,一方面肯定知识概念的主观转向,扭转知识沟研究往往限于客观知识的认识论偏差,深化我们对于知识沟丰富内涵的理解;另一方面,把知识沟的研究视角从不同阶层之间的客观或主观知识差异,转向个体自身在主观和客观知识上的认知差异,将知识沟研究从大众传播、群体传播、人际传播层面延伸至人内传播/自我传播层面,拓展了知识沟理论的解释维度。同时,该研究揭示了知识沟形成过程中的“沟中沟”现象,呈现人内层面的主客观知识差异是如何在不同群体中进行分布的,实现了主客观知识沟这一概念与传统知识沟概念的勾连。最后,论文凸显了媒介环境因素与主客观知识沟之间的关系,比较了不同类型媒体对主客观知识沟的不同影响,突出了媒介环境对知识沟影响的多样性和复杂性。这些研究发现不仅对拓展经典知识沟假设具有重要理论价值,而且对于重大突发公共卫生事件下的健康传播实践也具有现实指导意义。As knowledge gap research enters its second 50 years,the academic community needs to develop knowledge gap theory,and enhance its adaptability and explanatory power.This study proposes a new concept of"subjective-objective knowledge gap".On the one hand,it affirms the subjective turn of the concept of knowledge.This article adjusts the epistemological deviation that knowledge gap research is often limited to objective knowledge,and deepens our understanding of the rich connotations of knowledge gap.On the other hand,this new concept shifts knowledge gap research from objective or subjective knowledge differences between diverse social strata to individual cognitive disparities in subjective and objective knowledge.It extends knowledge gap research from mass communication,group communication,and interpersonal communication to the level of intrapersonal communication or self-communication.In addition to the expansion of the explanatory dimensions of knowledge gap theory,this study reveals a phenomenon of"gap in gap"in the formation of knowledge gap.It demonstrates how differences in subjective and objective knowledge at the intrapersonal level are distributed across the population.Such investigation accentuates the theoretical connection between the concept of subjective-objective knowledge gap and traditional concept of knowledge gap.Finally,this paper highlights the relationship between the media environment and subjective-objective knowledge gap.It compares the influences of different types of media and exhibits the diversity and complexity of the media impact on knowledge gap.These findings not only have important theoretical values for extending the classic knowledge gap hypothesis,but also have substantial policy significance for health communication practices under major public health crisis.

关 键 词：知识沟 主客观知识沟 主观知识 客观知识 新冠疫情 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]