基于FDS和Pathfinder的建筑子母式防火门火灾安全疏散模拟研究  

Simulation Study on the Fire Safety Evacuation of Primary-and-Secondary Fire Door in a Building Based on FDS and Pathfinder

作　　者：熊慧萍 帅小根 张宁洁 陈景豪 宋协清 杜婷[3] XIONG Huiping;SHUAI Xiaogen;ZHANG Ningjie;CHEN Jinghao;SONG Xieqing;DU Ting(Wuhan Construction Engineering Design Review and Fire Control Acceptance Center,Wuhan 430015,China;Yangtze River Survey Planning Design Research Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市建设工程设计审查和消防验收中心,湖北武汉430015 [2]长江勘测规划设计研究有限公司,湖北武汉430010 [3]华中科技大学土木与水利工程学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2023年第2期61-67,共7页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3301100);武汉市城乡建设局科技计划项目(202110);。

摘　　要：子母式防火门广泛应用于各类建筑中,但由于受其实际疏散洞口径宽的限制,当遭遇火灾时其安全疏散显得尤为重要。本文结合某工程项目实例,利用FDS和Pathfinder软件对火灾场景下子母式防火门安全疏散性能进行模拟研究。首先采用FDS软件建立建筑烟气流动模型,分析了CO气体体积分数、温度、能见度的变化规律,并计算了火灾危险来临时人员可用安全疏散时间;然后,假定子门锁闭,利用Pathfinder软件对不同母门宽度条件下火灾发生时人员安全疏散进行数值模拟,计算出最优母门和子门疏散宽度。结果表明:火灾发生时,烟气能见度相较于有毒气体和温度对人员安全疏散的影响更大;在不同场景条件下,随着母门疏散宽度的增加,人员开始疏散到疏散至安全区域的疏散时间t3近似线性缩短,有利于火灾时人员的安全疏散;若母门疏散宽度小于0.9 m,建议子门安装闭门器且确保送检合格,保证子母式防火门的总疏散宽度满足消防验收规范中最小洞口疏散宽度不小于0.9 m的要求。Primary-and-secondary fire doors are widely used for buildings of different types,but due to the limitation of the actual net evacuation width of the door openings,evacuation safety is particularly important in case of a fire.Therefore,combined with an engineering project,a fire evacuation simulation of a primary-and-secondary fire door was carried out based on FDS and Pathfinder sofeware in this paper.Firstly,the smoke flow model was established by FDS software,the variation rules of CO volume fraction,temperature and visibility were analyzed respectively,and the personnel evacuation time was calculated.Then under the assumption of the secondary door locked,Pathfinder software was used to simulate the personnel safety evacuation in case of fire for the primary door of different widths,and the optimal widths of the primary door and secondary door were calculated.The simulation results show that the visibility has a greater impact on personnel evacuation than toxic gas and temperature do when a fire occurs;under different scenarios,the evacuation time(t3)from the start of evacuation to the safe area is approximately shorted linearly with the increased in the width of the primary door,which is conducive to the safe evacuation of personnel in case of fire.If the evacuation width of the primary door is less than 0.9 m by the simulation,it is suggested that the closing device should be installed on the secondary door and passed the test,so as to ensure that the total evacuation width of the primary-and-secondary fire door meets the minimum width of 0.9 m in the fire acceptance code.

关 键 词：子母式防火门 火灾 烟气流动模型 安全疏散时间 母门疏散宽度 数值模拟 

分 类 号：X932[环境科学与工程—安全科学]