活性砂反硝化滤罐深度脱氮潜能中试研究  

Pilot study on deep denitrification potential of active sand denitrifying filter tank

作　　者：乔海兵 赵耀 赵德江 李智[4] 孙成才 尹卫红 陈永信 李桂荣[4] QIAO Haibing;ZHAO Yao;ZHAO Dejiang;LI Zhi;SUN Chengcai;YIN Weihong;CHEN Yongxin;LI Guirong(Henan Urban and Rural Planning and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450044,China;Henan Water Quality Guarantee and Water Environment Restoration Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450044,China;Central Plain Environmental Protection Zhengzhou Shangjie Water Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450041,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省城乡规划设计研究总院股份有限公司,郑州450044 [2]河南省水质保障与水环境修复工程技术研究中心,郑州450044 [3]中原环保郑州上街水务有限公司,郑州450041 [4]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《给水排水》2023年第2期23-29,36,共8页Water & Wastewater Engineering

基　　金：2020年河南省住房和城乡建设科技计划项目(HNJS-2020-K02)。

摘　　要：当污水处理排放水体水环境容量低,且距离考核断面较近时,深度脱氮尤为关键,采用改进滤料规格和洗砂器构造的活性砂滤罐,考察了水力停留时间(HRT)、碳源种类及投加量等因素对二沉池出水脱氮效果的影响,并对活性砂滤罐中微生物多样性和结构进行分析。结果表明在进水13~15℃时,TN从进水7~11 mg/L降低到1.5 mg/L以下最佳工况是HRT为0.84 h、C/N为6∶1。长期利用其脱氮功能时选用甲醇作为碳源,周期性时可选用乙酸钠。高通量测序结果显示,活性砂滤罐中填料上的微生物多样性高于污泥。挂膜后生物膜中脱氮微生物主要为脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)、绿棒菌属(Chlorobaculum)、厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolineaceae)、长绳菌属(Longilinea)、绿菌属(Chlorobium)等。投加乙酸钠后除脱氯单胞菌属(Dechloromonas)外的微生物含量均有所增加,碳源更换为甲醇后绿菌属(Chlorobium)和绿棒菌属(Chlorobaculum)的含量下降,厌氧绳菌属(Anaerolineaceae)、长绳菌属(Longilinea)的含量上升。活性砂滤罐逆流进水及间歇快速洗砂可促进反硝化生物膜的生长,实现高效脱氮和过滤,有效避免砂层板结,对于规模较小的污水处理厂深度脱氮工程的建设和运行可提供参考。When the water environment capacity of the wastewater discharged from sewage treatment is low and the distance to the assessment section is relatively close,deep denitrogenation is the key.Using the active sand filter tank with improved filter material specification and sand scrubber construction,the study found that nitrogen removal effluent from secondary sedimentation tank with the factors of hydraulic retention time(HRT),carbon source type,carbon source dosage.Microbial diversity and structure in the activated sand filter tank were analyzed In the meantime.The results showed that the optimal conditions for the decrease of TN from 7~11 mg/L to 1.5 mg/L are the HRT of 0.84 h and c/n of 6∶1 at the temperature of 13~15℃.Long-term use of its nitrogen removal function when the selection of methanol,sodium acetate can be used periodically.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the microbial diversity on the packing in the activated sand filter tank was higher than that in the sludge.The denitrifying microorganisms in the biofilm after filming are mainly Dechloromonas,Chlorobaculum,Anaerolineaceae,Longilinea,Chlorobaculum et al.After the addition of sodium acetate,the contents of microorganisms except Dechloromonas increased.After the carbon source was changed to methanol,the contents of Chlorobium and Chlorobaculum decreased.The content of Anaerolineaceae and Longilinea increased.The activated sand filter with counter-flow inflow and intermittent rapid sand washing can promote the growth of denitrification biofilm and achieve high efficiency nitrogen removal and filtration with effective avoidance of sand lamination.This study can provide reference for the construction and operation of a small-scale wastewater treatment plant.

关 键 词：活性砂滤罐 深度脱氮 生物膜 微生物 高通量分析 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]