《镜花缘》中“吓”(hè)词语义源考  

Sources of the Meanings of the Character"Hè"in The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror

作　　者：叶川[1] YE Chuan(Department of Arts,Lianyungang Teachers College,Lianyungang 222000,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港师范高等专科学校文学院,江苏连云港222000

出　　处：《景德镇学院学报》2023年第1期7-11,共5页Journal of JingDeZhen University

基　　金：江苏省教育厅高校哲学社会科学研究项目(2019SJA2308)。

摘　　要：《镜花缘》是清中后期发行的中国古典文学名著中的又一部长篇神怪小说,其语言具有近代汉语向现代汉语过渡的特征,具有一定的汉语史研究价值。我们针对《镜花缘》文本中的“吓”(hè)词,从历时的角度,检索了各个历史时期的文本,探究了“吓”这个词语的语义历时嬗变轨迹,分析了其语义嬗变的促动因素。到《镜花缘》发行时,“吓”词仅保留了动词“威胁使害怕”和形容词“害怕”两种意义,“吓”能单用,也能组成复合词。在句法结构上,由“吓”构成的述补短语使用很频繁,语用量较大,尤其是与“得”构成的述补短语。此外,“这一吓、吓了一跳、吃了一吓、吓了一吓”等结构使用也较多。“吓”义的历时演变,是语法化过程,有它的语法化机制。The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror,a novel of gods and monsters and also one of Chinese literature classics issued in the middle or late Qing Dynasty,has much research value for studying evolution of Chinese language,because the language usage in it highly reflects the quality of transition between the modern Chinese and the current Chinese.Aiming at a study of the Chinese character"hè"in the text of The Marriage of Flowers in the Mirror,this paper retrieved the texts of various periods in history that contain this character,explored its semantic transmutation tracks,and analyzed the driving factors behind them.The finding is that by the time the book was published,two ways of using it had been left,one being verb meaning"to threaten or to frighten",the other being adjective meaning"afraid",and it could be used alone and to form compound words with other characters.Besides,in terms of syntactic structure,in addition to the structures such as"Zhe yi xia""xia le yi tiao""chi le yi xia""xia le yi xia"etc.,phrasal complements formed by this character were frequently used,especially those with"de";In short,the evolution of the character"hè"is a grammaticalization process with its own grammaticalization mechanism.

关 键 词：吓 《镜花缘》 语法化 语义嬗变 语法化机制 

分 类 号：H13[语言文字—汉语]