2种中草药对福寿螺的杀灭效果及对肝脏影响  

Molluscicidal activity and liver effect of two Chinese herbal medicines on Pomacea canaliculata

作　　者：王蝉娟 陆浩磊 赵志淼 鲁仙 韩浩宇 张饮江 WANG Chanjuan;LU Haolei;ZHAO Zhimiao;LU Xian;HAN Haoyu;ZHANG Yinjiang(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2023年第1期63-67,共5页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：国家重点研发计划专项(2022YFC2061303、2022YFC2061305)。

摘　　要：【目的】有效控制福寿螺产生的危害,为实现中草药的资源化利用提供依据。【方法】以甘草、陈皮为植物源灭螺剂,进行不同浓度梯度(0、0.5、1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0 g·L^(-1))提取液浸泡下的灭螺活性探究。【结果】甘草组、陈皮组处理下福寿螺死亡率随时间的增长在不同浓度下毒杀效果明显。对48 h时福寿螺死亡率数据进行概率单位法回归分析,发现甘草组(LC25、LC_(50)、LC75)<陈皮组(LC25、LC_(50)、LC75),说明福寿螺对甘草更敏感。为进一步探究福寿螺死亡原因,在前期研究的基础上深入探讨甘草、陈皮提取液对福寿螺的肝脏的影响,在亚致死浓度甘草0.511 g·L^(-1)(LC25)、0.940 g·L^(-1)(LC_(50))、1.727 g·L^(-1)(LC75)和陈皮3.892 g·L^(-1)(LC25)、4.863 g·L^(-1)(LC_(50))、6.076 g·L^(-1)(LC75)处理下对福寿螺肝脏进行扫描电镜观察,结果表明,相比对照组,处理组福寿螺肝脏组织表面干瘪,失去水分,受损严重时,质地松散,表面组织脱落。【结论】2种植物提取液均可以较好地灭杀福寿螺,且严重破坏福寿螺核心组织肝脏,甘草、陈皮可作为植物源灭螺剂进一步研究开发利用。【Aim】To further effectively control the harm caused by the Pomacea canaliculata and provide the basis for the resource utilization of Chinese herbal medicine.【Method】Using licorice and tangerine peel as plant molluscicidal agents,the molluscicidal activity of licorice and tangerine peel soaked in extracts with different concentration gradients(0,0.5,1.5,3.0,4.5,and 6.0 g·L^(-1))was studied.【Result】With the change of time,the mortality of P.canaliculata in licorice group and orange peel group was significantly poisoned at different concentrations.The mortality data of P.canaliculatas at 48 hours were analyzed by probability unit regression method.It was found that the licorice group(LC 25,LC 50,LC 75)was less than the tangerine peel group(LC 25,LC_(50),LC 75),indicating that P.canaliculatas were more sensitive to licorice.In order to further explore the causes of death of P.canaliculatas,the effects of licorice and tangerine peel extracts on the liver of P.canaliculatas were deeply discussed on the basis of previous studies.The sublethal concentrations of licorice 0.511 g·L^(-1)(LC25),0.940 g·L^(-1)(LC_(50)),1.727 g·L^(-1)(LC75)and tangerine peel 3.892 g·L^(-1)(LC25),4.863 g·L^(-1)(LC_(50))and 6.076 g·L^(-1)(LC75)were determined.The results showed that compared with the control group,the liver tissue surface of the treatment group was dry and lost water.When the damage was serious,the texture was loose and the surface tissue fell off.【Conclusion】The two plant extracts can kill P.canaliculata well and seriously damage the liver of the core tissue of P.canaliculata.Licorice and tangerine peel can be used as plant molluscicides for further research,development and utilization.

关 键 词：福寿螺 生物入侵 中草药 灭杀效果 

分 类 号：TQ450.1[化学工程—农药化工]