宁夏地区不同模式养殖池塘夏季浮游微藻群落特征  

Community Characteristics of Planktonic Microalgae in Aquaculture Ponds of Different Modes in Ningxia in Summer

作　　者：刘锦帆 胡晓娟[2] 曹煜成[2] 许云娜 文国樑 李力[3] 孙真 沈斌 LIU Jinfan;HU Xiaojuan;CAO Yucheng;XU Yunna;WEN Guoliang;LI Li;SUN Zhen;SHEN Bin(Zhejiang Ocean University/National Engineering Research Center for Marine Aquaculture,Zhoushan,Zhejiang 316022,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research lnstitute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China;Ningxia Taijia Fisheries Limited Company,Shizuishan,Ningxia 753000,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学、国家海洋设施养殖工程技术研究中心,浙江舟山316022 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业农村部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室、广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,广东广州510300 [3]宁夏泰嘉渔业有限公司,宁夏石嘴山753000 [4]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090

出　　处：《渔业科学进展》2023年第2期161-173,共13页Progress in Fishery Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900401);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2020TD54);中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2021SD08)共同资助;国家虾蟹产业技术体系(CARS-48)。

摘　　要：为研究宁夏地区夏季不同模式养殖池塘的浮游微藻群落结构特征,采集了当地棚塘接力养殖(PT)、稻渔种养(DY)、土池养殖(TC)3种模式的池塘水体样品,分析了其浮游微藻群落组成及其与水质因子的相关性。结果显示,共检出浮游微藻5门27属,总数量为1.52×10^(4)~2.39×10^(8) ind./L,生物量为0.16~97.78 mg/L,数量多样性为0.03~3.31,生物量多样性为0.29~3.58。不同模式池塘的浮游微藻群落结构差异显著。PT模式池塘的微藻群落无明显共性特征,蓝藻(Cyanophyta)、绿藻(Chlorophyta)和硅藻(Bacillariophyta)占优势情况均有出现,如拟鱼腥藻(Anabaenopsis sp.)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena sp.)、颤藻(Oscillatoria sp.)、盘星藻(Pediastrum sp.)、卵囊藻(Oocystis sp.)、小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)等;TC模式池塘的微藻优势属单一,分别以盘星藻、小球藻(Chlorella sp.)和微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)占优势;DY模式池塘的微藻多样性丰富,以小球藻、栅藻(Scenedesmus sp.)、盘星藻、卵囊藻、刚毛藻(Cladophora sp.)等绿藻和小环藻、菱形藻(Nitzschia sp.)等硅藻为优势藻。蓝藻生物量与水体中硝酸盐氮(NO_(3)^(–)-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_(2)^(–)-N)、化学需氧量(COD)浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。研究表明,宁夏地区夏季温度高、光照时间长,池塘水体中C、N营养高,易形成以微囊藻、拟鱼腥藻等有害蓝藻优势种群;调控池塘水质时应将其作为关键控制点之一,防控有害藻华暴发而导致减产降效的不良状况发生。Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region is located in Northwest China. Most of the culture ponds in Shizuishan City and Yinchuan City, in the northern part of Ningxia, are sulfate-type saline-alkali ponds.The central area of Ningxia is located on the Hetao Plain, where the salinity of water bodies is relatively low. Owing to the high p H value of saline-alkali water bodies, which indicates high alkalinity, water quality control has become the main challenge of saline-alkali aquaculture. The community structure of planktonic microalgae is closely related to the water quality of aquaculture ponds and the healthy growth of aquaculture organisms. The planktonic microalgae community structure of culture ponds in summer in Ningxia is rarely reported. To study the community structure characteristics of planktonic microalgae in different culture pond modes in Ningxia in summer, we collected planktonic microalgae samples in July 2021 from Pingluo County in Shizuishan City, Helan County in Yinchuan City, and Shapotou District in Zhongwei City in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. We then analyzed the planktonic microalgae community composition and its correlation with water quality factors. The samples were collected from three typical aquaculture pond modes: the shed-pond relay mode(PT), soil pond mode(TC), and rice-fishing breeding mode(DY). We qualitatively identified and quantitatively counted planktonic microalgae under a light microscope and performed diversity analysis using the Shannon diversity index.SPSS software was used to carry out bivariate correlation analysis between the total number of algae, total biomass, algal biomass of each phylum, and the physical and chemical factors of water quality in aquaculture ponds. A total of 5 phyla and 27 genera of planktonic microalgae were detected, including 7genera of Cyanophyta, 13 genera of Chlorophyta, 5 genera of Bacillariophyta, 1 genus of Euglenophyta,and 1 genus of Dinophyta. The total number of planktonic microalgae in the 9 ponds ranged from 1.52×10^(4)to 2.39×10^(8) i

关 键 词：微藻群落 水质 宁夏 盐碱水池塘 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]