纯电动玉米中耕穴施肥及喷药机械设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Corn Burrow Fertilizing and Spraying Machine Based on Pure Electric

作　　者：杨杰 赵俊强 古冬冬 张征 关阳 孔蓉 Yang Jie;Zhao Junqiang;Gu Dongdong;Zhang Zheng;Guan Yang;Kong Rong(School of Mechanical Engineering,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Jiangsu Purong Intelligent Technology Development Co.,LTD,Taizhou 225327,China)

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学机械学院,郑州450046 [2]江苏普融智能科技发展有限公司,江苏泰州225327

出　　处：《农机化研究》2023年第7期35-41,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51979108);河南省科技研发专项(192102110091);华北水利水电大学横向项目(5001/51754)。

摘　　要：针对黄淮海地区玉米苗期喷药机械及中耕追肥机械产品较少的现状,设计了一款纯电动的三轮高地隙玉米中耕施肥喷药作业机械,可以在不同的玉米行距下,实现玉米苗期的除草喷药作业和拔节期的中耕扎穴施肥作业。该机可分为6大机构,分别是可升降机架、驱动行走及转向机构、电池及电控面板机构、施肥单体提升及自适应地面机构、玉米植株识别机构和喷药升降机构。其中,核心机构为穴施肥单体结构,可随作业的工作状态实现离地距离高低可调;当作业车作业时,通过施肥支架的弹簧可实现滚轮式扎穴器的自适应地面调节,且滚轮扎穴器可通过旋转档位实现肥量的大小调节。初步的穴施肥排肥稳定性试验表明:作业车在不同速度下的排肥量稳定性会发生变化,速度较慢且施肥档位为Ⅰ挡时,施肥变异系数大于6,而其它速度及档位情况下的变异系数均小于6,满足追肥机的机械标准。In view of the fact that there are fewer seedling spraying machinery and medium-tillage topdressing machinery products for corn in the Huang-Huai-Hai region,this paper designed a pure electric three-wheel high-gap corn medium-tillage fertilization spraying operation machine,which can realize the weeding spraying operation at the corn seedling stage and the fertilization operation at the jointing stage under different corn row spacing.The machinery can be divided into 6 major mechanisms,namely liftable frame,drive walking and steering mechanism,battery and electronic control panel mechanism,fertilization unit lifting and adaptive ground mechanism,corn plant identification mechanism and spray lifting mechanism.Among them,the core mechanism is the single structure of hole fertilization,which can be adjusted with the busyness of the operation;when the work vehicle is operating,the adaptive ground adjustment of the roller-type burrower can be realized through the spring of the fertilization bracket;at the same time,the design of the roller burrowing device can achieve the size adjustment of fertilizer through the rotating gear.The preliminary pit fertilization monomer fertilization stability test shows that the stability of the displacement of the work vehicle at different speeds will change,and when the speed is slower and the fertilization gear is 1 gear,the fertilization coefficient of variation is greater than 6,while the coefficient of variation under other speeds and gears is less than 6,which meets the mechanical standards of the topdressing machine,and these data will provide a technical reference for the mechanized design of maize cultivation.

关 键 词：纯电动 玉米中耕 穴施肥 玉米喷药 

分 类 号：S224.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程]